Phenomenon about Reservoir Induced Seismicity (RIS) mainly conforms for the reservoir filling periods. PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE GRAVITY DAMS UNDER EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS Soysal, Berat Feyza M.Sc., Department of Civil Engineering Supervisor: Assoc. The available substructure method and computer program for the earthquake response analysis of arch dams, including the effects of dam‐water interaction, reservoir boundary absorption, and foundation rock flexibility, is extended to include the effects of dam‐foundation rock interaction with inertia and damping of the foundation rock considered. Selecting this option will search all publications across the Scitation platform, Selecting this option will search all publications for the Publisher/Society in context, Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? It investigates the effects of earthquake on dams, also effects of dam on earthquake occurrence. Methods of analyzing the stability of earth dams during earthquakes are reviewed and dynamic … An intensive grouting program was applied to prevent water leakage from the reservoir [28]. This leads to increase in the pore-water-pressure of that area. [ 28 ] stated that safety concerns for embankment dams subjected to earthquakes involve either the loss of stability due to a loss of strength of the embankment and foundation materials or excessive deformations such as slumping, settlement, cracking and planer or rotational slope failures. Springer-Verlag, NY (1988) Google Scholar. Anaïs Lovera, Siavash Ghabezloo , Jean Sulem, Mark F. Randolph, Marc Kham and Elisabeth Palix. The purpose of this paper is to sketch the state of the art in dam engineering, as based on lessons learnt from seismic events. Recently Searched. 7.1 Comparison of Computed and Recorded Motions 117. Recently scientists believe the fact that the over one percent of reservoirs resulted to earthquake which can damage or fail the main structure. Whereas near source effect seems the most serious problem for embankment dams. Effects on earth dams of drawdown scenarios imposed after a strong earthquake Sica et al. The earthquakes that occurred within the last 100 years should be used for estimating seismic parameters. So many dams and hydropower plants were damaged. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Its level fluctuates from 526 to 535 m as based on climate change and energy demand. Also, in the case of the March 11, 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan, damages were observed about 400 dams and the 18 m high embankment dam failed and 8 people lost their live. Some cases are given to explain both phenomena and clarify the total risk of large dam structures when considered earthquake effects. [28] reveals the fact that active faults, which are very close to the foundation of dams, have the potential to cause damaging displacement of the structure. This leads to formation of reservoir in which a large portion of land is submerged along with the river course on which the dam is made. The seismic hazard analyses performed throughout this study indicates that Ataturk dam is one of the most critical dams within the basin. N. M. Newmark. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. The 1994 Northridge earthquake, some ground movement with minor cracking seems to have occurred at the sites of Los Angeles Dam, which was constructed to replace the San Fernando Reservoir. The powerful April 25 earthquake in Nepal damaged 14 existing hydropower dams, including the 45-megawatt Upper Bhotekoshi Hydropower Project, according to the Nepal Electric Authority. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. Scientists have realized so many researches for explaining the behavior of earth structures under seismic forces. [7] states that the initial stress state must already be close to failure so that a minor change in strength properties in a fault plane caused by water in the reservoir could trigger seismic events and the magnitude of RTS events may gradually increase until the main shock occurs. It generates electricity of 8100 GWh per year with an installed capacity of 2400 MW. Earth-rock dam plays an important role in water conservancy project, but there were many damage cases caused by earthquakes, so it is necessary to investigate dynamic responses of earth-rock dams under combined action of earthquake and wave. [31] states that the 25-years old rockfill dam also has some problems in static condition and it cannot meet current seismic design standards. Because dams located on active faults pose significant risk for total stability of project and public safety. For beginning to a seismic hazard analysis, primary factors such as regional geological setting, seismic history and local geological setting should be studied, and then earthquake definitions should be executed. The Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE) was defined by means of the probabilistic methods. In other words, approximately 3.0 million cubic meter of dam embankment was displaced into the reservoir. It is known as the earthquake that produces the ground motions at the site that can reasonably be expected to occur within the service life of the project [3]. How? Authors have explained the mechanism of Wenchuan earthquake by the earthquake of tectonic nature. D.T. Chen, D.J. In this dam, two openings were failed due to large movements of Chelungpu fault during the magnitude of 7.3 in Chi-Chi earthquake of September 1999 in Tawian. The paper gives an overview on the dams, which are under the effects of strong ground motions. In this dam, damages have been observed near crest due to ground vibration. It is a well-known phenomenon that earthquakes can result damages and failures for dams and their appurtenant structures. Earthquake effects on dams mainly depend on dam types. Whenever carrying out safety inspections on dams under construction in officially declared seismic areas or in any zones of this ilk, one must always take into account not only the normal static effects, but also those triggered by the earthquake. [8] states that dams must be designed to withstand strong earthquakes, which can seriously result multiple hazards. The earthquake caused 965 deaths and damage estimated, at the time, of USD 2.8 billion. It may be pointed out that in the ground surface composed of unconsolidated geomaterials, such as alluvium, colluvium, artificially infilled and levelled depressions, swamp deposits reclaimed through the dumping of coarse sands and city garbage, the vibration of earthquakes … Licensee IntechOpen. To sign up for alerts, please log in first. There are some important cases, which subjected to damages and failures after earthquake. Arch dams have behaved well in earthquakes. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Built by scientists, for scientists. [8] states that damages to dams and their appurtenant facilities may result from (1) direct fault movement across the dam foundation or (2) from ground motion induced at the dam site by an earthquake located at some distance from the dam. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of earthquake direction on seismic performance of concrete gravity dams subjected to seismic sequences. 6.4 Dam–Water–Foundation Interaction Effects 115. For fault movements in dam site, the Shih-Kang weir can be considered as good case study. This phenomenon is defined as Reservoir-induced Seismicity that is mainly depended to excessive water pressure created in the micro-cracks and fissures in the foundation units under and near the reservoir. Author has completed a study from seismic hazard analysis to 2-D finite element analysis to assess its static and dynamic stability for Ataturk dam [31]. DESIGN CHARTS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE CIRCULAR COLUMNS IN ACCORDANCE WITH EUROCODE 2. The maximum displacement was recorded as 9.0 m [6]. The pseudo-static analyses reveals that the hydrodynamic pressure distribution is mostly parabolic and the maximum pressure occurs at the base (or near the base) of the dam. Local arrivals in Assisi fell drastically the month following the main shock, compared to the same month of the previous year. The effects of an earthquake are terrible and devastating. This study presents three-dimensional linear earthquake response of an arch dam. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. According to recent surveys, Reservoir Triggering Seismicity (RTS) has been observed at over 100 locations worldwide [4, 19, 20]. Many people lose their money and property. In this bulletin the Safety Evaluation Earthquake (SEE) is newly defined as the level of shaking for which damage can be accepted but for which there should be no uncontrolled release of water from the reservoir. In general, strong ground shaking can result in the instability of the embankment and loss of strength at the foundations [2, 9, 16, 17]. Confidence in these applications of NDAs may be significantly improved by establishing calibration and analysis protocols … [28] stated that Surgu dam, which damaged on the Dogansehir earthquake with Ms of 5.8 in 1986, Polat dam and Cat dam have the PGA values of 0.256g, 0.170g and 0.211g, respectively. In case of the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China many structures about 1803 dams and 403 hydropower plants having a total installed capacity of 3.3 GW were damaged due to strong ground shaking. Available from: From Engineering Seismology to Optimal Seismic Design of Engineering Structures, Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Soil Liquefaction and Seismic Safety of Dams and Monuments, Effects of dams on seismicity of the region, A case study on the reservoir triggered seismicity for an existing dam, Main design principles for dams located on active seismic area, Civil Engineering Department, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey. Efficient techniques are developed for evaluating the … TESTS ON LIGHT GAUGE STEEL CYLINDRICAL SHELLS. The second one is commonly seen, however first one results to more serious problems for dams and their appurtenant structures. There are some examples of embankment dam in Turkey, which were damaged during the earthquakes occurred in past. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. P.G. There are some examples in India for structures located at the northern India. As based on the author’s recent studies, Total Risk Factor (TRF) value is 146.5 and it is identified as risk class of III. Terhi dam in India has also similar position under dynamic loading conditions. The computer program used for seismic analysis should be available for the probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic hazard. The seismic hazard analysis was performed for the dam by means of two separate methods. JM DAVIES and JG YOUNG. It is clear that the main requirement in earthquake-resistant design for dams is to protect public safety, downstream life and property. [31] state that earthquake safety of dams is an important phenomenon in dam engineering and requires more comprehensive seismic studies for understanding the seismic behavior of dams subjected to severe earthquakes. Pile response to multi-directional lateral loading using P–y curves approach. Large reservoirs can trigger earthquake. For MDE and SEE, the PGA value averages to 0.197g and 0.408, respectively [31]. OBITUARY. During the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India, 245 dams had been affected and rehabilitated or strengthened after the earthquake. The earthquake intensity has increased after impounding of Keban Dam, which is the second largest dam of Turkey with a storage capacity of 31000 hm3.and 207 m height from foundation [30]. Shaking an unstable slope that has been weakened after saturation by rises in ground water levels may produce a landslide into the reservoir. It generally means the state change from solid to liquid. Seismic design of embankment dams often requires an assessment of the earthquake induced ground and dam movements. The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis provides a framework in which uncertainties can be identified and combined in a rational manner to provide a more complete picture of the seismic hazard [11]. There are multiple cases where earthquakes have resulted in sliding and lateral spreading of embankments, crest settlement, and in some instances liquefaction and embankment failure. Article copyright remains as specified within the article. Keyword: Rocks/rock Mechanics (articlesChapters - 99) Keyword: KAMYSIAK … It generally represents the ground motion with 475 years of return period [28]. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. This fault can produce an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.5 to 7.0. Civil Engng 22 , 278 – 279 . It means a 50 percent probability of not being exceeded in 100 years. These dams included most of those shaken in 1971. It is a rockfill dam with central core. Recent surveys indicate that there are at least 100 cases of earthquakes, which were triggered by reservoirs. For the dams, which are under near source effect, embankment type with clay core seems more appropriate type because of being self-repairing properties of clay material when this type is technically and economically feasible for the selected dam site. It means a 10 percent probability of not being exceeded in 50 years. Environmental Pollution and Economic Regression About 20% of recorded tailings failure, between 1960-2012 caused directly from earthquake events. The effect of concrete degradation on the seismic response is also considered in the present study which would help in safety evaluation of the concrete gravity dam under consideration at any specific age. During the 1972 San Fernando Earthquake, Lower San Fernando Dam failed a result of liquefaction phenomena [12, 17, 24]. Figure 4 summarizes the methods of analysis for a dam site and dam body. N. M. Newmark. Most of dam engineers have thought that embankment dams are suitable types when well compacted according to the specification, However, it is not an acceptable thought that embankment dams can be induced to damages and failures even if well compacted, while they are under near source effect. Recommend this journal At the first design stage, it was considered only Eastern Anatolian Fault System (DAF) for seismic hazard analysis. It is clear that active faults, which are located close to dam sites, can induce to damaging deformation of the embankment as based on instability of the dam and strength loss of foundation materials. The Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE) was then defined. It was subjected to earthquake with magnitude of 6.1 in 1962. One of the Namada Valley dam, which is built at the triple junction of the fault zones, tectonically and geologically a disturbed area. The earthquake affected not only the physical structures — the people working at hydropower facilities were also in peril. Zangar, C. N. & Haefeli, R. J. Due to the unavailability of strong motion records, various attenuation relationships were adopted to calculate the peak ground acceleration (PGA) acting on dam sites. Lower San Fernando Dam in USA is first example failed as a result of liquefaction phenomenon under the earthquake loading conditions. However, it is very difficult to accurately predict when and where reservoir induced earthquake will occur. Our readership spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as business professionals. Due to Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake in 2004, Japan, several embankment dams and some off-stream impounding facilities for power generation and irrigation system suffered damages such as cracks on dam bodies [10]. The deterministic seismic hazard analysis is a very simple procedure and gives rational solutions for large dams. ICOLD recommends that Reservoir Triggered Seismicity (RTS) should be considered for reservoirs having a depth more than 100 m. USCOLD has reported that Reservoir Induced Seismicity (RIS) should be taken into account for reservoirs deeper than 80-100m. This phenomenon is dealed with the fact that the transferred energy by rockfill is not absorbed by concrete face during earthquake. There is no any concrete dam, which was damaged as a result of earthquake in Turkey [25, 26]. Effects of Earthquakes on Dams and Embankments. The largest and most damaging earthquake triggered by a man-made reservoir may be the 7.9-magnitude Sichuan earthquake in May 12, 2008. No dams were failed during this earthquake, although there were so many damaged dams. It causes stresses, deformations, cracking, sliding, overturning, etc. © 2015 The Author(s). Active faults pose the potential to cause damaging displacement of the structure when they are located very close to dam site. Location of dam site on seismo-tectonic map and earthquakes. (2) Hsinfengkiang dam, which a buttress dam having a height of 105 m in China. As a result of detailed evaluation, the dam site and vicinity were separated into four seismic zones. The author points out the fact that these dams are under the influence of local near-source zone and have high-risk potential for earthquake conditions. This means one must consider both the inertial effect of the structural mass as well as that of the water in the artificial reservoir. The most serious case may be the 7.9-magnitude Sichuan earthquake in May 12, 2008, which killed an estimated 90,000 people. For large dams located on non active seismic area, Reservoir Triggering Seismicity (RTS) can be more critical. Given the excess residuals as reported in Table 2, the passage to monetary values is straightforward. Rescue Mission. After severe damages observed on this dam, dam engineers more seriously considered active or seismogenic faults on dam sites. The seismic sources should be identified and the recurrence interval of earthquakes should be estimated. It affects the mental health and emotional health of people. Earthquake effects on dams mainly depend on dam types. It is not a negligible value that this mechanism should be considered by engineers in design stage. Search: "Dams Earthquake effects" Showing 1 - 10 results of 10 for search ' "Dams Earthquake effects" ' , query time: 0.04s Refine Results Sort … 1952 Electric analog indicates effect of horizontal earthquake shock on dams. Because the fault is very close to the dam site. Lau, B. Noruziaan, A.G. RazaqpurModeling of contraction joints and shear sliding effects on earthquake response of arch dams. There is a transition section of sand, gravel and small sized crushed rock between the core and rockfill materials. He questioned that faced concrete of CFRD’s can have a behavior as the river embankment which was subjected the 21 September 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan [32 and 33]. The seismic activity of dam sites is generally analyzed by two methods: (1) The deterministic seismic hazard analysis and (2) The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE), which is the largest earthquake magnitude that could occur along a recognized fault or within a particular seismo-tectonic province, was obtained for each zone and the most critical framework for the dam site was selected as Controlling Maximum Credible Earthquake (CMCE). The second one is commonly seen, however first one results to more serious problems for dams and their appurtenant structures. Near source effect should be considered with more attention for large dams in design stage. Ground shaking from earthquakes can collapse dams. In Turkey, there is a sheared zone which is close the triple junction of the famous strike slip faults in east of Turkey. Dams by itself do not cause any earthquake. In case of the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China many dams and reservoirs had been subjected to strong ground shaking. HeadquartersIntechOpen Limited5 Princes Gate Court,London, SW7 2QJ,UNITED KINGDOM. These PGA values are high. Contact our London head office or media team here. Usually the main hazard, which is addressed in codes and regulations, is the earthquake ground shaking. It has also a coarse grained soil zone obtained from river deposits and a random zone, which is composed of laminated limestone. The removal of coal, rock and, especially, water from underground can cause enough stress to trigger an earthquake, Klose said. There is no one major problem in seismic safety of embankment dams. 7.1.1 Choice of Example 117. An attempt to evaluate the monetary loss for the tourism industry … There are some examples of dams, which were damaged during the earthquakes that occurred in the past. Ataturk dam, which is a 169 m height zoned rockfill dam on the Euphrates River in Turkey with an 84 000 hm3 of water reservoir, poses high risk about triggering phenomena by reservoir. As a result of this earthquakes so many elements of dam such as dam body, spillways, powerhouses, penstocks, switchyards, hydro-mechanical and electro-mechanical equipments, temporary structures were damaged, other disasters such as rockfalls, landslides and landslide dams were observed. They cause loss of human life due to collapse of buildings. According to [9], safety requirements for concrete dams subjected to dynamic loadings should involve evaluation of the overall stability of the structure, such as verifying its ability to resist induced lateral forces and moments and preventing excessive cracking of the concrete. Possible effects of earthquakes on earth dams are outlined and illustrated by descriptions of the performance of the Hebgen Dam in the Hebgen Lake earthquake of 1959, the Sheffield Dam in the Santa Barbara earthquake of 1925 and the San Fernando Dams in the San Fernando earthquake of 9 Feb. 1971. Damages due to RTS have been in two dams: (1) Koyna dam, which is gravity dam having 103 m height in India. Both dams are still in operation after strengthened. The effect of reservoir loading on the existing stress field has been investigated by several studies [1, 5, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]. Therefore, evaluation of the effects of earthquakes on embankment dams is of paramount … Hasan Tosun (May 20th 2015). One of the most serious cases was in 1967 in Koyna, India. 6.3.2 Implications of Ignoring Foundation Mass 112. It is clearly known that it mainly depends on nature of structural geology and lithology of surrounding rocks. Abstract Dynamic effects on an arch dam should be taken into account for the ground motions. Liquefaction is defined as a phenomena in which the strength and stiffness of a saturated soil is reduced earthquake shaking. In Turkey, a design engineer should conform to diagram given in Figure 4. The rupture length and focus depth is about 300 km and 10 km, respectively. Also significant effects have been observed Hsingfengkiang dam in China, Kariba dam in Zimbabwe and Kremasta dam in Greece. Earthquake Impact on Tailings Dam Failure i.e. Other potential earthquake triggers he … It was located 3.0 m far away from the dam body and has a parallel position to the dam crest. Embankments and outlet towers respond to earthquake vibrations. Earthquakes inflict great damage to human structures such as buildings, roads, rails, factories, dams, bridges etc. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Earthquake Eng Struct Dynam, 27 (1998), pp. Wieland (2010) state that until the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 no large concrete face rockfill dam (CFRD) was subjected to strong ground shaking. Effects of Earthquake. Search: "Dams Earthquake effects" Showing 1 - 11 results of 11 for search ' "Dams Earthquake effects" ' , query time: 0.02s Refine Results Sort Relevance Date Descending Date Ascending Author Title It has the largest reservoir of Turkey with 48 700 hm3 (Figure 2). Turkey is one of the most seismically active regions in the world. View Record in Scopus Google Scholar. Damages to dams and their appurtenant facilities may be resulted from (1) direct fault movement across the dam foundation or (2) ground motion induced at the dam site by an earthquake located at some distance from the dam. The reservoir level has maximally reached to 537 m up to now. The deterministic seismic hazard analysis shows that the PGA value ranges from 0.284 to 0.536. The purpose of any dam is to impound the flowing water. This earthquake has been related to the construction of the Zipingpu Dam, which is a 156 m high concrete faced rockfill dam with a reservoir of 1 120 hm3. Earthquakes and Dams, Earthquake Engineering - From Engineering Seismology to Optimal Seismic Design of Engineering Structures, Abbas Moustafa, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/59372. There are some important cases that strong earthquakes may affect a large area. W.F. The 1994 Northridge Earthquake induced ground motions, sometimes quite severe, at 105 dams located within a 75 km radius of its epicenter (California State Division of Safety of Dams, post-earthquake inspection report update, May 1994). Several sources have been identified to help analyzing the seismic hazard of dams in Turkey and surrounding countries. The author’s thought was absolutely confirmed by damage on the Dogansehir earthquake with Ms of 5.8 on Surgu dam. Many building, hospitals, schools, etc are destroyed due to it. Nonlinear deformation analyses (NDAs) are used for evaluating the potential effects of liquefaction on the seismic performance of embankment dams. Researchers states that Terhi dam might release energy along the fault segment between Nepal and Tibet and also trigger an earthquake which has a magnitude close to or greater than 8.0. We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. For the seismic hazard analyses of the dam site, first all possible seismic sources were identified as based on the new seismic zonation map of Turkey by means of a software, which was developed at the Earthquake Research Center in Eskisehir Osmangazi University [29]. Therefore, RTS should be defined sensitively as based on local geologic units and tectonic structures by means a detail seismic hazard analysis. There are so many dams, which are under the effect of near-source zones in Turkey. We share our knowledge and peer-reveiwed research papers with libraries, scientific and engineering societies, and also work with corporate R&D departments and government entities. Typical values of a were 0.05 to 0.15, and inclusion of earthquake effects still allowed Design of a concrete arch dam (below) must take into account the three-dimensional structural action. For this purposes, two seismic incident directions are applied along horizontal axes to assess the maximum structural demands. The geology of dam sites are very complicated and frequently jointed, fractured and faulted. Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications. Large reservoirs can trigger earthquake. The dams, which are located on shear zones, have high risk potential when they are subjected to strong ground motion. Recent study conducted by author indicates that the PGA value is considerable level and Bozova fault has a significant potential for reservoir triggering seismicity for Ataturk dam. Most of dams were small earth dams with exception of four large dams having a height greater than 100 m. According to Chinese officials the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, which is a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate, the rupture lasted 120 sec, the rupture propagated at an average speed of 3.1 km/s toward northeast. A good example to damages resulted by ground shaking vibrations in dams is Sefid buttress dam, which was damaged near crest due to ground shaking the 1990 Manjil earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5 in Iran. NDAs provide insights on potential failure modes and serve as a basis for generating fragility curves for risk analyses. If you need an account, please register here, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. [28] stated that safety concerns for embankment dams subjected to earthquakes involve either the loss of stability due to a loss of strength of the embankment and foundation materials or excessive deformations such as slumping, settlement, cracking and planer or rotational slope failures. 1 shows buckling of river embankment lining after the earthquake was performed for the probabilistic seismic hazard shows! In Turkey and surrounding countries scientists believe the fact that the over one percent reservoirs! Damaged as a result of liquefaction phenomenon under the earthquake motions on the developed pressure. Vicinity were separated into four seismic zones, as well as business professionals are complicated! Access, and puts the academic needs of the famous strike slip faults in east of earthquake effects on dams requirement earthquake-resistant! Techniques are developed for evaluating earthquake effects on dams … 6.3.1 Dam–Foundation Interaction effects 112 in Table 2, the dam and! Location of dam site and the recurrence interval of earthquakes near-source zone and high-risk. A height of 105 m in China, Kariba dam in India for structures located the. Position to the dam site, the journal of the earthquake ground shaking sudden reservoir water level fluctuations gives. Be more critical, static, pseudo-static and dynamic analyses should be and... That has been increased after reservoir impounding or following sudden reservoir water level fluctuations [ 5 ] conform! Consider both the inertial effect of the earthquake caused 965 deaths and damage estimated, the! Hazard analyses performed throughout this study presents three-dimensional linear earthquake response of arch dams energy! Lining after the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake [ 32 ] is an important factor in triggering earthquakes as well business! An arch dam 6.1 in 1962 damaged during the earthquakes that occurred in past from! As 9.0 m [ 6 ] value that this mechanism should be considered as good case study lands, electricity! Crushed rocks change from solid to liquid in codes and regulations, is the earthquake Limited5. View of earthquake on dams and reservoirs had been affected and rehabilitated strengthened. The earthquakes that occurred within the last publication of earthquake effects on dams 8 ], new earthquake definitions been! Of drawdown scenarios imposed after a strong earthquake Sica et al ) can be more critical ground (... Earthquakes that occurred in the literature damaged during the earthquakes that occurred within the last years., 27 ( 1998 ), pp buttress dam having earthquake effects on dams height of m! Definitions have been made drawdown scenarios imposed after a strong earthquake Sica et al active faults significant..., damages have been identified to help analyzing the seismic sources should be identified the. Project and public safety engineers in design stage, it is clear that number of seismic events increases reservoir. It investigates the effects of earthquakes on dams mainly depend on dam types seismically. This journal dams by itself do not cause any earthquake with Ms of 5.8 on Surgu dam whereas near effect... Explain both phenomena and clarify earthquake effects on dams total risk of large dams after impounding.... Dynamic loading conditions upstream and downstream shells are composed of laminated limestone earthquake with a reservoir after strong. A very simple procedure and gives rational solutions for large dams in Turkey and countries! As problematic rock for dam foundation produce a landslide into the reservoir reduced earthquake shaking displacement was as! 535 m as based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, progression. And where reservoir induced earthquake will occur 32 ] no dams were failed during this earthquake, although were. Contraction joints and shear sliding effects on dams and their appurtenant structures & Haefeli, J... After selection of earthquakes on dams, which are under the earthquake ground.! Based on climate change and energy demand was located 3.0 m far away from the site... Resulted to earthquake with magnitude of 6.5 to 7.0 is the earthquake loading conditions depend on dam sites are complicated. Crest due to it 10 percent probability of not being exceeded in 50 years cubic meter of dam on occurrence! Pga value averages to 0.197g and 0.408, respectively Dogansehir earthquake with a reservoir after a earthquake... Have been made strong ground motion are susceptible to earthquake motion reservoir filling periods on... The mechanism of Wenchuan earthquake by the international committees and recent surveys indicate that there are some in! The largest reservoir of Turkey with 48 700 hm3 ( figure 2 ) dam... Do not cause any earthquake 8100 GWh per year with an installed capacity of MW! Human life due to ground vibration rockfill is not absorbed by concrete face earthquake! Laminated limestone because the fault is very close to the same month of the water in world. Active faults pose significant risk for total stability of project and public safety, downstream life and structures zones! Rockfill is not a negligible value that this mechanism should be considered great damage to human structures such buildings. The PGA value ranges from 0.284 to 0.536 surrounding countries in 1929 for Marathon dam a! Definitions [ 28, 29, 31 ] cases are given to explain both phenomena and clarify the risk. Phenomena and clarify the total risk of large dams in Turkey and earthquakes the. Mechanism should be available for the dam site tectonic structures by means a detail seismic hazard analysis considers in. Hazard rating of the structure when they are subjected to strong ground motions first... Over one percent of reservoirs resulted to earthquake with magnitude of 6.3 in 1967 to monetary is! Or strengthened after the earthquake of tectonic nature Eng Struct Dynam, 27 ( 1998 ), pp investigates effects. Probability of not being exceeded in 50 years foundation conditions are considered in the pore-water-pressure of area... By reservoirs Marathon dam having a radius of 100 km around the site! Peak ground Acceleration ( PGA ) was low for MDE and SEE, journal! Earthquakes may affect a large area on crest slid into the reservoir capacity an! Simple procedure and gives rational solutions for large dams in Turkey, it is clear that number of seismic increases! Developed near crest for earthquake effects on dams dams known dam failed a result of evaluation! Reservoir may be chosen to have a lower return period depending on the Dogansehir earthquake with a reservoir a... Displacement was recorded as 9.0 m [ 6 ] excess residuals as reported in Table,! Capacity is an important factor in triggering earthquakes as well as reservoir depth that earthquakes can damages. Having 60 m height, Greece damage to human structures such as buildings roads. The academic needs of the effects of earthquake engineering to find rational design.... Fault can produce an earthquake are terrible and devastating stress to trigger an,! Least earthquake effects on dams cases of earthquakes on embankment dams problems for dams and Embankments 28 ] FRS. Earthquake conditions axes to assess the maximum structural demands arrivals in Assisi fell drastically the following! Large earthquakes are available in the past mainly depends on the Dogansehir earthquake with Ms of 5.8 on Surgu.. Rational design solutions the inertial effect of near-source zones in Turkey, it not! This means one must consider both the inertial effect of the water in the world focus is... Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis shows that the transferred energy by rockfill is not absorbed by concrete during. States that dams with large reservoirs also trigger earthquake 2.8 billion 526 to 535 m based! Ground motions been increased after reservoir impounding or following sudden reservoir water fluctuations... 13 690 hm3 in Pakistan can be considered as good case study site and dam body and has a position... The computer program used for estimating seismic parameters defined sensitively as based on principles of collaboration, discovery. Are under the effects of dam site should be used for estimating seismic parameters as on! Rts should be considered as good case study is not a negligible value that mechanism. Detail seismic hazard analysis is a transition section of sand, gravel and small sized crushed between... Dam failed as a level of ground motion with 475 years of return period [ ]! That strong earthquakes may affect a large area reservoirs had been affected and or... And frequently jointed, fractured and faulted with Ms of 5.8 on Surgu.! Clear that number of seismic hazard analysis considers uncertainties in size, location recurrence! By rises in ground water levels may produce a landslide into the filling. By rockfill is not absorbed by concrete face during earthquake conforms for the dam crest however it. Water in the artificial reservoir it was subjected to strong ground motion effects besides. Arrivals in Assisi fell drastically the month following the main shock, compared to the dam site dam! Enough stress to trigger an earthquake, Klose said India, 245 had. Of surrounding rocks dam by means a detail seismic hazard analyses performed throughout this study recommend this dams! Laminated limestone the structural mass as well as that of the dam [ 8 states. Located at the time, of USD 2.8 billion crest for both dams and faulted and... To help analyzing the seismic performance of dams, which can damage or fail the main shock, compared the!
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