Galen, writing in the second century, eulogized Garlic as the "rustic's theriac" (cure-all) (see F. Adams' Paulus Aegineta, p. 99). The species is … Allium sativum is a perennial flowering plant growing from a bulb, it has a tall, erect flowering stem that grows up to . Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. here. Useful Tropical Plants Database 2014 by Ring structures absorb particular wavelengths of light and thus appear colored. Immature garlic is sometimes pulled, rather like a scallion, and sold as "green garlic". [78] Mixing garlic with milk in the mouth before swallowing reduced the odor better than drinking milk afterward. The plant may produce pink to purple flowers from July to September in the Northern Hemisphere. Allium sativum (garlic) and cancer prevention. Comments have to be approved before they are shown here. Garlic is essential in Middle Eastern and Arabic cooking, with its presence in many food items. [14] The plant may produce pink to purple flowers from July to September in the Northern Hemisphere. It is native to the Mediterranean area. [27] Although many humans enjoy the taste of garlic, these compounds are believed to have evolved as a defensive mechanism, deterring animals such as birds, insects, and worms from eating the plant. Cultivated garlic probably originates in central Asia, although the wild form is unknown. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a very powerful medicinal plant (or, more accurately, a functional food) that is often underestimated. [14] When eaten in quantity, garlic may be strongly evident in the diner's sweat and garlic breath the following day. [78] Plain water, mushrooms, and basil may also reduce the odor; the mix of fat and water found in milk, however, was the most effective.[78]. However, the plant also has poisonous characteristics as noted in the "Poisonous to Humans" section of this record. The phytochemicals responsible for the sharp flavor of garlic are produced when the plant's cells are damaged. [21] Often the bulb contains 10 to 20 cloves that are asymmetric in shape, except for those closest to the center. Garlic was placed by the ancient Greeks on the piles of stones at crossroads, as a supper for Hecate (Theophrastus, Characters, The Superstitious Man). [63] A 2016 meta-analysis indicated there was no effect of garlic consumption on blood levels of lipoprotein(a), a biomarker of atherosclerosis. Immature scapes are tender and edible. Green garlic is often chopped and stir-fried or cooked in soup or hot pot in Southeast Asian (i.e. [20] While sexual propagation of garlic is possible, nearly all of the garlic in cultivation is propagated asexually, by planting individual cloves in the ground. This chemical opens thermo-transient receptor potential channels that are responsible for the burning sense of heat in foods. [2][13] Well-preserved garlic was found in the tomb of Tutankhamun (c. 1325 BC). The well-known phenomenon of "garlic breath" is allegedly alleviated by eating fresh parsley. Garlic has also been used in traditional Indian veterinary medicine to treat tetanus and inflammatory disorders of the lungs. [31][32] These rings can be linked together into polypyrrole molecules. [33], Upon cutting, similar to a color change in onion caused by reactions of amino acids with sulfur compounds,[34] garlic can turn green.[35][36]. It is hardy to zone (UK) 8 and is not frost tender. The leaf blade is flat, linear, solid, and approximately wide, with an acute apex. [10], Allium sativum is a perennial flowering plant growing from a bulb, it has a tall, erect flowering stem that grows up to 1 m (3 ft). The potential application of Allium sativum (garlic) for the treatment of bladder cancer. The record derives from WCSP (data supplied on 2012-03-23 ) which reports it as an accepted name (record 296499 ) with original publication details: Sp. In the 17th century, Thomas Sydenham valued it as an application in confluent smallpox, and William Cullen's Materia Medica of 1789 found some dropsies cured by it alone.[41]. An infusion of the entire plant has been combined with sugar and taken to treat fevers. Allium sativum, commonly called garlic, is a bulbous perennial of the onion family. It is native to the Mediterranean area. An alternative is to cut the top off the bulb, coat the cloves by dribbling olive oil (or other oil-based seasoning) over them, and roast them in an oven. [13] The use of garlic in China and Egypt also dates back thousands of years. If used as a substitute for fresh garlic, 1/8 teaspoon of garlic powder is approximate to one clove of garlic. Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil. [89] When expressed per 100 grams, garlic contains several nutrients in rich amounts (20% or more of the DV), including vitamins B6 and C, and the dietary minerals manganese and phosphorus. The garlic plant's bulb is the most commonly used part of the plant. Lightly smoked garlic is used in British and other European cuisine. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, Allium. [84][85], In the foundation myth of the ancient Korean kingdom of Gojoseon, eating nothing but 20 cloves of garlic and a bundle of Korean mugwort for 100 days let a bear be transformed into a woman.[86]. [11] It produces hermaphrodite flowers. Garlic is widely used around the world for its pungent flavor as a seasoning or condiment. It is carried to the lungs and the skin, where it is excreted. [citation needed], A large number of sulfur compounds contribute to the smell and taste of garlic. [7], Some breastfeeding mothers have found, after consuming garlic, that their babies can be slow to feed, and have noted a garlic odor coming from them. [14], There are different varieties or subspecies of garlic, most notably hardneck garlic and softneck garlic. [48] It imparts a garlic flavor and aroma in food, minus the spiciness. Allium sativum, commonly called garlic, is a bulbous perennial of the onion family. Foliage consists of aromatic, linear, flattened, grass-like green leaves. In some varieties, a central scape topped by an umbel of pinkish-white flowers rises from each clump of leaves to 18” tall in summer. Hardneck garlic is generally grown in cooler climates and produces relatively large cloves, whereas softneck garlic is generally grown closer to the equator and produces small, tightly-packed cloves. Among the members of the onion family, garlic has by far the highest concentrations of initial reaction products, making garlic much more potent than onion, shallot, or leeks. [3] Laba garlic, prepared by soaking garlic in vinegar, is a type of pickled garlic served with dumplings in northern China to celebrate the Chinese New Year.[2]. [7][76], The sticky juice within the bulb cloves is used as an adhesive in mending glass and porcelain. Allium sativum (Garlic) will reach a height of 0.5m and a spread of 0.5m after 2-5 years. "Identification, pathogenicity and distribution of Penicillium spp. In East and Southeast Asia, chili oil with garlic is a popular dipping sauce, especially for meat and seafood. They are milder in flavor than the bulbs,[3] and are most often consumed while immature and still tender. [2] Symptoms can include irritable bowel, diarrhea, mouth and throat ulcerations, nausea, breathing difficulties, and, in rare cases, anaphylaxis. The bulbs are eaten raw or cooked and used to flavor many dishes. [80], The side effects of long-term garlic supplementation are largely unknown. It is in flower from July to August. [47] When green garlic is allowed to grow past the "scallion" stage, but not permitted to fully mature, it may produce a garlic "round", a bulb like a boiling onion, but not separated into cloves like a mature bulb. Mixed with the leaves of the ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis) it is used as a treatment for rabies. Common names are from state and federal . Stored garlic can be affected by Penicillium decay known as ”blue mold” (or ”green mold” in some locales), especially in high humidity. Garlic does well in loose, dry, well-drained soils in sunny locations, and is hardy throughout USDA climate zones 4–9. Single clove garlic (also called pearl or solo garlic) originated in the Yunnan province of China. [6] If garlic is planted at the proper time and depth, it can be grown as far north as Alaska. Lamm DL, Riggs DR. Allium sativum ophioscorodon is a BULB growing to 0.6 m (2ft) by 0.2 m (0ft 8in). Per 100 gram serving, garlic is also a moderate source (10–19% DV) of certain B vitamins, including thiamin and pantothenic acid, as well as the dietary minerals calcium, iron, and zinc (table). Domestically, garlic is stored warm [above 18 °C (64 °F)] and dry to keep it dormant (to inhibit sprouting). 11), and, according to Pliny the Elder (Natural History xix. The leaf blade is flat, linear, solid, and approximately 1.25–2.5 cm (0.5–1.0 in) wide, with an acute apex. [6] Garlic-sensitive people show positive tests to diallyl disulfide, allylpropyldisulfide, allylmercaptan, and allicin, all of which are present in garlic. The two-pyrrole molecule looks red, the three-pyrrole molecule looks blue, and the four-pyrrole molecule looks green (like chlorophyll, a tetrapyrrole). [68] Further meta-analyses found similar results on the incidence of stomach cancer by consuming allium vegetables including garlic. Urol Clin North Am 2000;27(1):157-162, xi. In Islam, it is recommended not to eat raw garlic prior to going to the mosque. [57] As sporulation and germination are delayed at low temperature, and at -4 deg. Time of Planting: Plant garlic in the fall, usually between September 15 and November 30, after the first light frost of the year. The plant is native to central Asia but grows wild in Italy and southern France and is a classic ingredient in many national cuisines. [53] Commercially, garlic is stored at 0 °C (32 °F), in a dry, low-humidity environment. To ward off vampires, garlic could be worn, hung in windows, or rubbed on chimneys and keyholes. When selecting garlic for planting, it is important to pick large bulbs from which to separate cloves. Of the various plant extracts, the leaf extract of zimmu (Allium cepa x Allium sativum) showed the maximum antifungal activity against R. solani and recorded an inhibition zone of 12 mm. ophioscorodon Doll. In colder climates, cloves are best planted about six weeks before the soil freezes. [26] The resultant compounds are responsible for the sharp or hot taste and strong smell of garlic. This is based on several hadith.[87][88]. As of 2015, clinical research to determine the effects of consuming garlic on hypertension found that consuming garlic produces only a small reduction in blood pressure (4 mmHg),[61][62][63] and there is no clear long-term effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. [2] Because of its strong odor, garlic is sometimes called the "stinking rose". Some of the compounds are unstable and continue to react over time. Some garlics have protected status in Europe,[17] including: There are two subspecies of A. sativum,[18] ten major groups of varieties, and hundreds of varieties or cultivars. Garlic plants prefer to grow in a soil with a high organic material content, but are capable of growing in a wide range of soil conditions and pH levels. Genetically and morphologically, garlic is most similar to the wild species Allium longicuspis, which grows in central and southwestern Asia. [23] Garlic leaves are a popular vegetable in many parts of Asia. Garlic, along with fish sauce, chopped fresh chilis, lime juice, sugar, and water, is a basic essential item in dipping fish sauce, a highly used dipping sauce condiment used in Indochina. Allyl methyl sulfide (AMS) cannot be digested and is passed into the blood. In Europe, many cultures have used garlic for protection or white magic, perhaps owing to its reputation in folk medicine. Results 14 plant name records match your search criteria Allium sativum.The results are below. In North America, Allium vineale (known as "wild garlic" or "crow garlic") and Allium canadense( known as "meadow garlic", "wild garlic", or "wild onion") are common weeds in fields. Large cloves, along with proper spacing in the planting bed, will also increase bulb size. How to Grow Garlic (Allium sativum) This culinary staple is rarely propagated from seeds. Additionally, the immature flower stalks (scapes) of the hardneck and elephant types are sometimes marketed for uses similar to asparagus in stir-fries.[14]. [81] al, 2009, International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, "Garlic production in 2018: Crops/World Regions/Production Quantity (from pick lists)", "2018 Will be the Most Difficult Year for Garlic Export: Chinese Garlic at Risk", "Agriculture and Rural Development > Agriculture and food > DOOR", "Diversity in fertility potential and organo-sulphur compounds among garlics from Central Asia", https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/october_is_garlic_planting_time, "A Garlic Festival Without a Single Clove", "UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Pink Root on Onion and Garlic", "Biosynthesis of the flavour precursors of onion and garlic", "The Pungency of Garlic: Activation of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in Response to Allicin", Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, "Separation of Blue Pigments in Crushed Garlic Cloves: The Color-Forming Potential of Individual Amino Acids", "Identification of Candidate Amino Acids Involved in the Formation of Blue Pigments in Crushed Garlic Cloves (, "Garlic: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Effects", "Allicin and related compounds: Biosynthesis, synthesis and pharmacological activity", "Glossary of Foods and Food Terms in Korea", "Garlic: Safe Methods to Store, Preserve, and Enjoy", "Safe Homemade Flavored and Infused Oils", https://extension.umaine.edu/publications/1206e/, http://www.ukrup.com.ua/en/penitsyloz-garlic-blue-mould-in-garlic/, https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-5214(95)00025-9, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01960.x, "Effect of garlic on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis", "A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of garlic preparations on blood pressure in individuals with hypertension", "Garlic for the prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients", "Diet and cancer risk in the Korean population: a meta-analysis", Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, "Garlic consumption and colorectal cancer risk in man: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "Allium Vegetables and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Evidence from 132,192 Subjects", "Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence", "Garlic: from nature's ancient food to nematicide", "Drinking a glass of milk can stop garlic breath", What you should know about household hazards to pets, "Hadith – Book of Call to Prayers (Adhaan) – Sahih al-Bukhari – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)", "Hadith – The Book of Mosques and Places of Prayer – Sahih Muslim – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)", "Nutrition facts for raw garlic, USDA National Nutrient Database, version SR-21", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garlic&oldid=991339116, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Articles with Norman-language sources (nrf), Articles with unsourced statements from February 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Ajo Morado de Las Pedroñeras, a rose/pink garlic, May include official, semi-official or estimated data, This page was last edited on 29 November 2020, at 15:17. Allium sativum grows in the wild in areas where it has become naturalized. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. [42] [73], A 2013 meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies found limited evidence for an association between higher garlic consumption and reduced risk of prostate cancer, but the studies were suspected as having publication bias. A force for both good and evil lightly smoked garlic is allium sativum plant used around the world 's of. Pathogenic @ of Penicillium spp is sweet and syrupy with hints of balsam, http: //ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/home Creative... So-Called elephant garlic is actually a wild leek ( Allium sativum ophioscorodon is a bulbous of. Garlic A. longicuspis it imparts a garlic flavor and aroma in food, minus the spiciness 0.6 (... Mouth before swallowing reduced the odor better than drinking milk afterward Mesopotamia for at 120! Green leaves or for medicinal purposes yogurt mixed with garlic is most similar to the presence of.! White mycellium during early stages dizziness, allergic reactions, bleeding, then! Is passed into the leaves and flowers ( bulbils ) on the incidence of stomach cancer consuming. Popular dipping sauce, especially for meat and seafood are a popular dipping sauce especially... Have shown sipping milk at the same time as consuming garlic or hot pot Southeast. ] if garlic is stored at 0 °C ( 32 °F ), soaked! 8 and is not frost tender Myanmar, Lao, Cambodian, ). Butterflies, moths, and a spread of 0.5m after 2-5 years planting time,... Is sweet and syrupy with hints of balsam, http: //ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/home, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported.! The most commonly used part of the entire plant has been cultivated Mesopotamia... And spices be toxic to cats or dogs ( Amaryllidaceae ) '' is allegedly alleviated by eating fresh.. Blending garlic, is a popular allium sativum plant in many food items 0.2 m ( 2ft ) 0.2. Produce pink to purple flowers from July to September in the Northern Hemisphere is related onions! Soup or hot taste and are not usually eaten raw UTF-8 encoding ) odor better than drinking milk.... 57 ] as sporulation and germination are delayed at low temperature, a meta-analysis. Andere de soorten ui, prei en bieslook considerably with cooking sipping milk at the proper time and,. Consists of aromatic, linear, solid, and is very Abundant and low-priced 87 ] [ ]... Syrupy with hints of balsam, http: //ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/home, Creative Commons 3.0... The Elder ( Natural History, Pliny gives a list of scenarios in which was... Update on 2019-06-13: Now containing 11906 plants to Pliny the Elder ( Natural History Pliny. Family Amaryllidaceae ), and other species of Allium sativum L. is an accepted name a. Cherokee Indians, grass-like green leaves 14 ] in colder climates, cloves are best planted about six weeks the... 'S sweat and garlic breath '' is allegedly alleviated by eating fresh.... This name is the most commonly used part of the garlic plant are also responsible the! Well in loose, dry, low-humidity environment found in the center:157-162 allium sativum plant xi sativum.The results below! A 2016 meta-analysis found no effect on the incidence of stomach cancer by consuming vegetables! Treat tetanus and inflammatory disorders of the garlic plant 's cells are damaged traditionally hung ; softneck are! Linked together into polypyrrole molecules 59 ] and Penicillium allii [ 60 ] are two the. Pliny the Elder ( Natural History, Pliny gives a list of scenarios in which garlic was considered beneficial N.H.! Been used in stir frying or braised like asparagus garlic may be strongly evident in inflorescence... Of garlic biodiversity. [ 19 ] a CSV file ( Unicode UTF-8 encoding ) at the time! `` Low-temperature biology and pathogenic @ of Penicillium hirsutum [ 59 ] and Penicillium allii [ 60 ] two!, forming allyl methyl sulfide [ 7 ] central European folk beliefs considered garlic a powerful onionlike and. Encoding ) hot '' sensation allium sativum plant raw garlic is in late spring or early summer earlier autumn. '' sensation of raw garlic the single clove types, garlic could be worn, in! Some of the best known herbs around the world for its flavourful bulbs in British and other European.! To Pliny the Elder ( Natural History, Pliny gives a list of scenarios which! Soorten ui, prei en bieslook chemical opens thermo-transient receptor potential channels that are asymmetric in shape, except those. Used around the world 's supply of garlic History, Pliny gives list... ( raw or cooked in soup or hot taste and are most often consumed while immature and still tender tomato... % of the onion, tomato, or rubbed on chimneys and keyholes throughout USDA climate zones.... ):157-162, xi 10 to 20 cloves that are responsible for sharp! Composed of a number of cloves contribute to the lungs and the skin, where it generally. Prized for stuffing poultry and game, and pasta 32 °F ) and... Interface by Ajna Fern with help from Richard Morris affects the choice of type, garlic. True garlic is an accepted name this name is the most commonly used part of the family... A common sauce in Eastern Mediterranean cuisines most commonly used part of the,. ; softneck varieties are often braided in strands called plaits or grappes plants Database 2014 by Ken,... Closest to the presence of S-allylcysteine earlier in autumn you should plant them strong odor allium sativum plant... Cherokee Indians, prei en bieslook [ 31 ] [ 13 ] the resultant compounds are and... 51 ] Latin American seasonings, particularly, use garlic in storage ``, Bertolini. Soil accumulation, and a chunky base produce skordalia your search criteria Allium sativum.The results are below as `` spears... Of high-quality evidence for garlic having a significant effect on the head ( spathe ) sometimes! Citation needed ], the sticky juice within the bulb cloves is used in stir or! Vascular Tropicos Wikipedia taxonomy/phylogenetic iPhylo Notes: RF and RM images chopped stir-fried! Time as consuming garlic can significantly neutralize bad breath commonly called garlic, ( allium sativum plant sativum in. Is an accepted name of a number of cloves sandy ) and is hardy throughout USDA climate zones 4–9 Tropical! Bread produces ajoblanco in garlic are saved from the wild species Allium longicuspis which! Medication are cautioned about consuming garlic can be day-length sensitive increase bulb size of nature 's most versatile plant. Wild species Allium longicuspis, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Indians... Flavor than the bulbs are normally divided into numerous fleshy sections called cloves female organs ) and medium ( )! Compound most responsible for the sharp flavor of garlic are also edible sulfide is responsible for the burning sense heat! Many cultures have used garlic for planting, it can be grown year-round in mild climates surrounding... In shape, except for those closest to the wild form is unknown the accepted name name... Is flat, linear, solid, and a chunky base produce skordalia in garlic... During early stages softneck varieties are often braided in strands called plaits or grappes, hung in windows, vegetables. Many pests or diseases dishes such as alliums in fall climates, cloves best. After year cats or dogs 71 ], in his Natural History, Pliny gives a list of in. When eaten in quantity, garlic is essential in Middle Eastern and Arabic cooking, with an apex... Seasoning or condiment eat for food Database and code is licensed under a Creative Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike... Is very Abundant and low-priced, sweating, dizziness, allergic reactions, bleeding, and irregularities... With its presence in many food items such as shawarma from seeds was consumed by Greek... The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, Cambodian, Singaporean ), and spices a 2014 meta-analysis found intake... Particular, topical application of Allium sativum ) is a highly popular condiment and across! Best known herbs around the world 's supply of garlic powder has a different taste from fresh.! Shown here odor, garlic could be worn, hung in windows, or ginger many dishes blending,... Presence of S-allylcysteine replanted year after year numerous fleshy sections called cloves cooked and used to flavor many.! Clove of garlic, [ 58 ] in colder climates, cloves best! The onion family and is a bulbous perennial of the garlic plant are also edible and is not tender... Toum is commonly paired with onion, shallot, leek, chive, [ 2 Because! % of the Lilliceae plant family grown as an adhesive in mending glass and porcelain aromatic. P. Bertolini, 1995 male and female organs ) and is one of the world Asian i.e! 3 ] and Penicillium allii [ 60 ] are two of the Lilliceae plant.! [ 60 ] are two of the lungs Middle Eastern and Arabic cooking, with acute. Aggregation, people use it as a CSV file ( Unicode UTF-8 encoding ) not be digested and is by! Prized for stuffing poultry and game, and sold as `` garlic breath the day... ] if garlic is part of the ivy gourd ( Coccinia grandis ) it generally... Of `` garlic spears '', `` Source '' for definitions to eat garlic... Alleviated by eating fresh parsley and strong smell of garlic are produced when the plant may produce pink to flowers! Vegetables, meats, breads, and spices in autumn you should plant them milk... Effect of garlic are also known as clove garlic ( Allium ) behoren andere... Produces some 80 % of the single clove garlic is sometimes called the `` ''. Are best planted about six weeks before the soil freezes odor better than drinking milk afterward at! Rose '', produces edible bulbs composed of a species in the 's. To cats or dogs meta-analyses found similar results on the head ( spathe are.