As you can see below, I've made a block in which I've installed a set screw. Cutting more slowly and with less downward force will produce better cuts. Some of the things I discuss here can be dangerous (due to the nature of working with power/cutting tools). Just drill deeply enough to be sure the next bit will center itself at the desired point. Screw Driving Tools. Using split-point bits will make the bit more likely to remain in the center punch dimple. If you do, it may be difficult to get the tap to re-engage the threads properly which can produce a poorly threaded hole. If you can clamp it to the drill press table after you find the center, it will be much safer. If you have a cross-feed vise for your drill press, you can use the ground center to find the intersection of the scribed lines (or to find the center of the punched point). Double Handle tap Wrench The T-handle tap wrench uses a collet to secure the tool. This handheld power tool is used for cutting, grinding, and polishing different types of metal, which fab workers do often, so make sure you purchase an angle grinder that's durable. If you drop it or hit its blade, you can ruin it's accuracy. Of course, it's harder than aluminum so it will be a bit harder to cut. Chuck up the ground center point and clamp your workpiece in the vise. Of course, before you try cutting aluminum make sure the manufacturer specifies that the tool is rugged enough to cut aluminum. Unplug the drill press, loosen the tensioner (on the motor) and remove the belt. Some are simple hook shapes that press down on the wood, while others use a lever that is moved via an attached screw; this variety can push down with great force. Be sure to hold the other end in place while aligning the second mark. You may have to do this several times to get it perfectly aligned. M18 18-Volt Lithium-Ion 1/2 in. I probably could have bent the lever holding the peg but I wanted something more secure and rigid. The HSS teeth outlast standard teeth. 8. In addition to observing the basic safety rules discussed in Rules for Safe Crafting, there are a few special considerations you should keep in mind when working with metal. The inch and 1/10 inch marks are read from the bar. They are sold under various brand names like Helicoil and Perma-Coil. Below are the working ends of the two tools. The horizontal piece of bar stock has its center line passing through the two intersections on the rightmost piece of stock. When using cutoff wheels, I strongly recommend using a face shield AND good quality safety glasses. Any craftsman knows that the right tool for the project is critical in manufacturing a quality end product in a timely manner. These tools are as explained below: Sheet Metal Bending Tools – As the name suggests, sheet metal bending is a process in which the metal is bended by keeping its volume constant. Not every holding tool can be used for every material, this can be a common misconception and if you make this mistake then your work could become damaged - especially if you have applied a finish to the material. Rough grit abrasives remove material very quickly but leave a rough finish. If you were going to assemble these two pieces and the holes were precisely down the center of the horizontal piece of stock, the two pieces would not be at right angles to each other. As you can see, the wide profile of the non-split tip can give an offset contact point for the tip. This is used to provide stability for the optical center punch base when center punching the end of a rectangular piece of stock. Aluminum is extruded and generally well formed. When the desired depth has been reached, turn the spindle backwards until the tap exits the surface of the material. Move the stock so that the bit falls perfectly into the hole. I sanded it with the length of the piece and when I had it as smooth as I wanted it, I sanded in circles to break up straight lines that could have been confused with scribed lines. These tools are not used for driving directly, but are used to hold wood firmly to a bench, allowing them to be worked on with other tools. On soft metals like aluminum, you should try tapping dry as well as with different lubricants. As a bonus, it can be 'glued' together with nothing more than a few drops of acetone. In the Re-Coil kit, a tang tool is supplied. IMT Tungsten Carbide Tip Scriber 2 Pack, Aluminium Etching Engraving Pen with Clip and Magnet... $12.90; Sheet Metal Bead Roller Plans DIY Bending Roll Roller Metalworking Equipment, $24.95; HOMEIDOL 10pcs 1/8 inches Shank Double Cut Tungsten … Due to the sharper point, they can cut faster with less of a tendency to walk. When you need 2 marks at the same distance from an end of an elongated piece of stock, make one mark and use the square to make a line across the intersection of the two points that you need to mark. If you print it on regular paper, you can tape it to the workpiece. When locked in one of the preset detents, it's a bit off. If several holes will be placed along the length of the long line, you need to use a good quality straight edge. When installing the insert, you will screw it into the hole much like you would an actual screw. If it still doesn't zero, adjust the dial to zero it. There are four main types of tools required for processing sheet metals. One of the finest finishing tools ever designed is the spring steel spoon. If you're scribing a long straight line, you should realize that many items used as straight edges (like an aluminum yardstick) will flex and the line will actually be curved instead of straight. Other abrasive sheets are typically available in many different grades from 16 grit (VERY rough) to 2500 grit (VERY fine). Force Logic High Capacity Cordless Knockout Tool Kit /W Die Set, 3.0Ah Batteries The MILWAKUEE® M18™ FORCE LOGIC™ 10 Ton Knockout The MILWAKUEE® M18™ FORCE LOGIC™ 10 Ton Knockout Tool 1/2"-4" Kit reduces the tedious steps of hole making, improving user speed and limiting user fatigue. Isomax 30pc. Some examples of driving tools include GPS receivers and maps. If you're working with such a piece of stock, you need to take that into account when marking the workpiece. Inside the hole, you can see that the bottom coil is in place as it should be. Many times, the proper size will not be a size that you'll have in a standard set of drill bits. Use: A simple cleaning tool, the card wire brush is used in metalwork for cleaning when pinning occurs.The teeth of the file remove any particles or pins clogged in files. When you need to make a mark along the length of a long piece of stock, it's better to make marks near the ends of the piece and connect them by using a straight edge. When tapping harder materials (mild steel, stainless steel...), you will have to reverse the direction more frequently. This will make it easier to remove if something has gone wrong. To make the center point of an intersection of two lines easier to hit (with the drill bit), you need to punch it with a center punch. Use: The centre punch tool is used in metalwork to mark the centre point of a hole before drilling. The image below shows the raw aluminum stock. For a 1/4-20 (1/4" in diameter, 20 threads per inch) tap, the correct drill size is a #7. If you only use one mark and use a square to place a mark across the stock, the two pieces would at least be at right angles to each other. Die grinder - Use a die grinder for cutting, polishing, and grinding metal workpieces. I've broken a few of the 4 flute hand taps but I've never broken a gun tap or a two flute tap. Be sure the tang is laying flat against the workpiece. Angle the blade to make sure the mark is precisely at the end of the tang. If the material is soft or needs to be protected from the rough jaws, insert some scrap stock (or other material) between the jaws and the workpiece. If you have a belt driven drill press (the harbor freight variety), the belt is easily removed. Used for marking work of all descriptions, also for dotting the place where holes have to be drilled for the centre of the drill to start in. As I mentioned above, I mostly use aluminum when I need to build something. If you have multiple points that need to be marked on a relatively large piece (more than a couple of inches square), you can draw it up on a program like 'draft it' and print the drawing. A fine point center punch with a long thin tapered tip makes hitting the mark much easier. can be lightly punched around the entire shape (that will be cut-out). Below, you can see the difference between the cuts made by a hacksaw and a miter saw (most miter saw cuts are better than this). Woodworking Tools Home > Hand Tools > Screw Driving Tools. Their uses include aiding in navigation, determining one's position, and the time to destination. When using a thread-cutting tap, you must drill a hole that's precisely the correct size for the tap. Sometimes, it's better to tap a through hole dry because the chips readily fall out of the bottom of the hole. For the best accuracy, place the center punch on the point you believe to be precisely at the intersection and tap it lightly. GREENLEAF CORP. introduced a line of quick-change toolholders or ISO-standard toolholders with quick-change shanks conform to ISO 26623, use standard components, and are designed to maximize tool life in carbide and ceramic turning applications. There are dedicated straight edge tools. Continue applying light pressure while driving the tap into the stock. You'll see numbers like 6061 and 6063. Also, you want an insert that can be installed with the top coil approximately 1/2 turn below the surface of the workpiece. Screw Driving Tools. You want as long an insert as possible (in my opinion) but, when the insert is installed, the bottom of the insert must have sufficient clearance for the tang to be broken off. The jaws of the dial caliper are set 1/16" apart for both photos. They look nice when set into a counterbore. Close and lock all drawers and doors before moving the tool chest to a new location. The Centre Punch. A dot punch is used, along with a hammer: to create witness marks. For more accurately drilled holes, use short bits or chuck up the bit short in the chuck. This can easily cause metal chips to enter the safety glasses from below. A gun tap also requires less force because the chips are pushed out in front of the tap by the beveled edge on the end of the tap. It's best to use a dedicated straight edge. Right Angle Drill Attachment. If you use a miter saw and normally work with stock 1" or less (height and width), you may choose something like the Proxxon KGS 80. If you make two measurements and the end of the stock is not absolutely perfect, your two marks will be along slightly different lines (blue and violet lines below -- zoom in to see more detail). When using compressed air to clear metal chips (or other debris), it's possible for the compressed air to be deflected from virtually any surface. Safety glasses should fit tightly against your face otherwise they only protect against objects coming directly from in front of you. Tools defined as drivers include hammers, screwdrivers, mauls and sledges, according to Reference.com. It's good to use when you need to have minimal friction between components. While it's possible for either to shatter, the non-reinforced wheels are MUCH more likely to shatter. The installation tool is removed and the tang is broken off with a punch. Safety Tips for Working with Metal. In the photo above, you can see that the bottom of the movable stop is gouged. 5 Tools You Shouldn't Overlook at Yard Sales. Aluminum alloys typically contain silicon and magneium. At the heart of metalworking is welding. For drill presses with worn spindles (with a lot of play in them), chuck up the ground center point to about the same length as the bit you'll be using. Set the end of the main bar of the caliper on the edge/end of the stock. Gear-obsessed editors choose every product we review. I prefer to use socket head cap screws for most everything I do. They are made to tap very nearly to the bottom of a blind hole. Used for the heavier jobs, such as driving in stakes or to break up concrete, stone or masonry. This page of the asos1.com site is an introduction to the powerful (and FREE) 3d graphics editor, Sketchup. At 0°, it's off by about 1/2°. Pages in category "Metalworking tools" The following 50 pages are in this category, out of 50 total. In the next two photos, you can see the installation tools from Perma-Coil (top -- has insert on it) and Re-Coil. The tools illustrated in Fig. Lower the spindle so the ground center makes contact with the workpiece (to be sure the piece is properly placed). Push large chests, cabinets and tool boxes; do not pull them. When a tool isn't supplied, I use either a drill bit (strike the pointed end) or a piece of drill rod. In fact, plastics are often a better choice. On the following caliper, you can see the dial. Examine the punched point (with a lighted magnifier if necessary). The slapper is great for working metal over a T-stake or for gouging and planishing. Cutoff wheels are another type of abrasive. 6. Below is what you should have after the tang has been broken off. This is especially true if the bit grabs the piece and spins it around. Installing thread replacement inserts is not difficult. Of course, you should be wearing proper safety glasses any time you're striking an object. When tapping any material, you have to regularly reverse the rotation of the tap to break the chips free. Diresta is an expert working with any type of material, but it's his metalworking prowess that's the most compelling. He makes cutting, carving, and welding look so easy—even though its something that only comes after years working with steel. It does save some time because you don't need to change tools. This list may not reflect recent changes (). Hand tool - Hand tool - Drilling and boring tools: A varied terminology is related to making holes with revolving tools. Spoons. A … It's best to remove it. On top of what he told us, Diresta shares his favorite bandsaw tips in this helpful video for folks who are just getting started.It covers everything from adjusting and changing the blade, to learning how to use it. There is a lock on the side of the saw that applies pressure to the table so it can't move. This will cause the thread pitch to change and the insert will be useless. To break off the tang, the instructions say to strike sharply with a hammer. If the caliper was opened until the needle pointed to the next (clockwise) minor division, the reading would be 1.251". Weights 7, 10 and 14 lb. Cold rolled steel is the cheapest that's commonly available. In the image above, notice that I've placed a piece of 1/2" polystyrene insulation (pink insulating board) under the blade. 1 Bandsaw. The stop has to be set for each length of coil. When tapping, you do NOT want to let the tap disengage the threads on the other side of the stock. In the first two vertical pieces of stock, marks are being made at the end of the depth gauge/tang of a dial caliper. ImpressArt SCE12-3mmKIT-M 3mm Uppercase Metal Stamping Kit, $38.00; 82 used steel horseshoes, $82.00; Titanium Plate 6AL4V 12" x 12" x .125", $65.00; 25 USED Horse Shoes Horseshoe Rusty Crafts Art Cowboy Horse Project Western, $38.97; Black Oxide Gel Kit, $34.99 This will minimize deflection of the bit. After printing it, you need to make sure it's printed to the correct size. If you have a square with a long blade, that would work well. We may earn commission if you buy from a link. The thumbscrew on top of the dial caliper locks the sliding jaw. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below. Security Screwdriver Set. You can right-click to bring up a dialog box that will allow you to zoom in on the image. It's also nice if you make a mistake in the placement of a mark. Sometimes, the stock will be a somewhat irregular shape. The Best Outdoor Gifts for Every Type of Adventure, This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. I've used both and the service it top notch. When this happens, the top coil becomes deformed and, if not noticed quickly enough, the coil becomes hopelessly damaged and has to be removed. Tool Habits - Continued Safety Rules (Power Tools) Safety Equipment - Continued Chapter 3 Reading Measuring Scales Reading the Scale of a Rule or Tape - Continued - 14256_20 Reading the Scale of a Rule or Tape - Continued - 14256_21 Chapter 4 Tool Boxes Types and Uses - 14256_24 The peg has play in it if the lever is not locked down tight with its pivot screw. This allows you to test fit the pieces. The one below it is 400 grit sandpaper. Alloys are mixtures of metals combined to produce different properties. As you can see, it doesn't exactly have a perfect surface. (2) The Engineer's Hammer head consists of three parts-the face, the eye, and the pane, pene, or peen. I really like ABS. If you have to cut stock with a hacksaw and a vise, make the mark on the stock and put the piece you need 'in the vise's jaws'. His 10 DIY bottle openers remains one of our all-time favorites. Every trade has its tools, and woodworking is no different. They are often wire gauge number bits. Jimmy Diresta is one of the most skilled and riveting DIYers around with projects on his YouTube channel that range from a steel and wood bench seat to an aluminum axe. If you have two pieces that have to screw together with multiple screws (with threaded holes in one of the pieces) , the holes must be very close for the pieces to fit together properly. As you can see, the eyepiece will show you the intersection very clearly. There weren't many good photos on the net of the points (especially the ones showing the sides of the tip) so I've included a couple. Typically, printers can get very close to the exact dimensions. If the tang is allowed to bottom out and there is space between the top of the coil and the stop on the tool, the coil will be stretched when you install the insert. A speed square can be found on the hip of carpenters and DIYers everywhere. It's useless without some help. Metal Work Pneumatic USA, Inc. 1120 Eden Road, Suite 106 - Arlington, TX 76001 Tel. They have a taper that spans ~5-7 threads. The installation tool threads it into place. Here’s a comprehensive list of the tools everyone in this business should own: A 4 ½-inch or 6-inch angle grinder. Often, after you cut a piece of stock, there will be a tiny burr on the edge. Sharp lines tend to disappear while filing metal, as Burrs are constantly produced On the edge of a piece of metal. This could be important for projects that will have fine finishes. Drilling the holes and tapping each one (in the drill press) just after drilling, will produce the best holes but it's time consuming. Removing the burrs will insure that the square or dial caliper will lay flat along the true edge of the stock. When tapping a through hole, I'd suggest that you use a 'gun' tap or a straight two flute tap. When you have to thread a piece of plastic or really need a lot of strength in a piece of aluminum, you can use coiled thread inserts. 6061 seems to be the one most commonly sold in various shapes (rectangular, round, round tubes, square tubes, angle...). Popular Mechanics participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. To stop this from happening, you can either lift the tool every half turn (to allow the coil to release from the stop) or you can insert a couple of #4 washers between the stop and the coil (as seen below). Even a piece of heavy cardboard will work. If the stock you're using is from two different manufacturers, they may not be the same size (even though they're supposed to be the same size). These tools have mechanical advantage in applying torque. However, there are some branches of cold metal work, such as sheet-iron work and coppersmithing that are not usually includ-ed in machine shop work. You'll probably get a few minor cuts in the beginning, but nothing a Band-Aid can't handle. For lighter jobs just the weight of the head may be used for blow's, but for heavier work, the hammer is swung like an axe. For example, for the gun tap above, the proper bit size is a #29. 5. The collet design has two pieces: a threaded "nosecap" and four collet fingers; the collet fingers threaded on the outside so the nosecap is screwed onto them also known as bar wrenches, have one Generally, they used for cutting. This is from the end of the coil digging into the stop. For the ground center punch I mentioned above, I used a drill rod (essentially a blank drill bit). This comes in handy when you need to make a mark with the caliper. work in which a portion of the metal is removed, either by power-driven or hand tools, to make the piece of the required shape and size. If you want to use the lock, you must insert a wedge (I'm using a center punch in the photo) under the opposite side of the table. The screw with two nuts is simply a home-made thumbscrew. The next image is 220 grit sandpaper. Set the caliper to that measurement and make the mark. Price: $69.99. Clamp the workpiece to the drill press table and perform the desired operation (drilling or counterboring). When lining up the straight edge with a scribed mark, place the blade of the razor knife 'in' the scribed mark (when scribed, it will generally make a small channel in the workpiece) and move the straight edge until it's directly against the edge of the knife. If the blade doesn't match up perfectly with the scribed line, the square needs to be replaced. There are several companies making the inserts. Basic Metalwork Tools and Equipments ~ All About Metalworking Using a lubricant is often helpful but you don't want to use a thick lubricant that will prevent the chips from moving easily out of the way of the tap. If this is the case, the bit will try to rotate around the high point until the rest of the cutting edge penetrates the workpiece. The bottom tap has very few tapered threads. First and foremost, you'll want to invest in a proper bandsaw for cutting metal. They're generally hardened and will only be scratched by the saw blade (no serious damage). Sometimes lubricants will hold the chips and make tapping aluminum a bit more difficult. If you use power tools, it's likely that you'll remove too much material. To make it more corrosion resistant, nickel or chromium is added. Even without using the lock on the side, the table isn't quite square. The following file (another Flash file) shows how using two marks on a piece of stock that's not perfectly square can cause problems. Until you've done quite a few of these, you should check the installation several times before it's fully installed. This next image shows the piece after sanding it for ~20 seconds with a fine sandpaper and a light oil. If you've never used a drill press, you may be surprised to see how much less torque they have (much less than a standard hand held electric drill). When using progressively larger bits (to insure that you're going to remain on the center), you don't need to drill through the material with each bit. It involves hammering the tool, producing a dimple (mark) on the metal. It doesn't matter if it's new, used, cheap, or expensive. You will have to support the head of the dial caliper so that its body is parallel to the surface of the stock. To zero the caliper, you close the jaws and turn the dial so the zero mark is direction under the needle. Driving tools include a variety of steel tools used to install, repair and maintain a variety of constructions. To remedy this, I made a block to apply pressure to the table-locating peg. It's also generally cheaper than aluminum. This gets the chips out of the way and prevents binding. For the punch (the piece that goes through the insert and rests on the tang so you can strike it), you need to use something with a square (non-beveled) edge. If you can get your hands on a Delta Rockwell 14" bandsaw you're golden. To set the location of a mark, set the dial caliper to the desired distance from the edge/end. Solid carbide will make any weld look beautiful if grounded properly. In the US, you'll generally see these marked in inches but some are metric and some have both. If the cut is a bit rough, hit it with a file (or sandpaper on a sanding block) while it's in the vise. hilmor Driving Tools Family When it comes to tightening and loosening fasteners, you want tools that can get the job done fast without damaging the screw. The term "calipers" refers to measuring tools that determine the distance between opposite sides. They have 'high-speed steel' teeth bonded to a spring steel body. There are at least a couple of ways to get an accurately placed hole when using a drill press. You have to choose the correct grit for your application. This acts like a buffer and protects the cutting edge of the bit from high temperature drilling operations. The pressure applied by the lock causes the table to tilt back making it impossible to get a square vertical cut. If you look closely at the right edge of the piece of steel below, you can see that the far edge is wider than the near edge. The photo below shows #4, #6, and #8 socket head cap screws and on the right #6 and #8 machine screws. Do not open more than one drawer of a tool box at a time. If you're going to drill the hole with progressively larger bits, the small sharp punch point may be OK. It's relatively easy to see that the lines are not parallel when they're so close together. No gas is required and the flux core in the middle of the wire acts as the "shielding". These are the ones I generally work with. The ones on the blue area are easy to see. The entire jaw assembly (including the dial) slides along the bar of the caliper. Here are his five must-have metalworking tools to get started. Sometimes, if you don't strike the tang sharply enough, the bottom coil will be pulled out of place. On cheap dial calipers, you may have to be aware of the pressure you use when you close them. For example, iron is the base material for most steels. The center-punch needs to have a really sharp point when you need to punch the intersection of the scribed lines precisely. The tang (on top of the piece of brass) has broken off cleanly. Made of tool steel. Nibblers' have got a goofy name, but that doesn't make them any less valuable in the metalworking trade. This will have the depth tang hanging over the stock. The screw under the dial locks the dial's position. Below is a table that I have created to display which holding tool can be used with Wood, Metal … One-Way Screw Tools - Set/5. Do not use a tool box or chest as a workbench. In the photo above, you can see that one bit is gold colored. When cutting small pieces, as the piece is cut loose the piece gets jammed between the blade and the back of the blade well. A standard tap cannot produce fully formed threads near the bottom of a blind hole. Basic calipers feature hinged metal pieces that either expand to press against and measure the opposing sides on the inside of an opening or pinch to close against the opposing exterior sides of an object. If you only need to tap threads into through-holes in thin material (~1/4"), then this may be the tap you need. Easily get caught in the jig on the image the set screw applies pressure to the drill press head screws... Tang to 'almost ' bottom out in the chuck bit and drill the hole because the free! Instructions say to strike sharply with a punch gets jammed in a drill bit and drill the hole: create! That most metals sold are alloys same edge when marking the workpiece 's new, used, with... Steel tools used for cutting metal disengage the threads properly which can produce a poorly threaded.. At 0°, it simply pushes material to one side without removing it the crosshairs as shown then it. Cutoff wheels, I strongly recommend using a sharp bit and a oil... The base material for most people but it takes only a second to close it and make sure tang. Knife to make iron harder, carbon is added printed drawing directly on the end a!, punch it again but hard enough to make a mark at the cutting edge to aid in removal. Grinding, diresta recommends a 1/4-inch die grinder and selection of burrs it n't!: - ( 1 ) centre punch tool is removed and the time to destination n't matter it... Hand taps but I 've installed a coil into the hole, you 'll remove too much material placed the! Easily get caught in the metalworking trade center punch dimple get an accurately placed when. For when you close them and level the material and divide that by 2 it for ~20 with. Looks as if the lever holding the peg and gets the saw blade ( no serious ). Do so at the end of the caliper in one of our all-time favorites everyone this. Strongly recommend using a punched center point the 4 flute hand taps but I 've installed a screw! 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Aluminum, there will be pulled toward the center punch base when punching... Bends and crowns quite well in TiN ( titanium nitride ) choose the correct for... Direction more frequently medium and course ) to secure the tool ( ~30,000 RPMs,! Stock and the time to destination that need n't stop you from pursuing this craft with your child spoon... Boxes ; do not use a good slapper can make radius bends crowns. Close to the correct insert for your situation to use metal 're so close together sheet metal ( including dial., carbon is added vise jaws and level the material - drilling and tools... The spring steel body dial ) slides along the length of the bit does n't matter if does. With less of a mark with the tang, the eyepiece will Show you the intersection of preset... Mild steel screws that you 'll have in a drill press, loosen the tensioner ( on other... Had a guide at once '' the following image, the best,. Best handheld Vacuums for Busting Dust for home shop type of drilling, there will pulled. Otherwise they only protect against pieces entering from the dial to zero it other methods forming... Is less likely to remain in the beginning of each day, Lipton and his co-workers a... Should never be any high temperature drilling radius bends and crowns quite.... You have to make the bit and can cause serious injury ( broken bones, etc ) cutting carving... Bonus, it simply pushes material to one side without removing it perfect... Wrench uses a collet to secure the tool chest to a new location punch through paper! An assembly job, they can cut faster with less downward force will produce cleaner but! Takes a few drops of acetone to check it, move the caliper to the peg has in. Fact, plastics are often a better choice - orders @ metalwork.org M18 18-Volt 1/2. ) tap, turn the pulley for the optical center punch on the side of the stock name, nothing. ( PTFE ) but less expensive at least a couple list five metal work driving tools ways to get an accurately placed hole when a... Blind hole many types of tools for the ground center punch I mentioned,. Better choice make iron harder, carbon is added ( carbon steel ) Eng not fractional! 'Re golden another good material typically available in many instances, you need to use socket head cap screws most! So the ground center with a punch shape ( that will 'likely result!