The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemato-immunological, and histological parameters and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia fed with the microalga Schizochytrium sp. min A requirement of Nile tilapia is 5,000 IU kg–1 diet. The best protein digestibility occurs at 25 °C (Stickney, 1997) and the optimum dietary protein to energy ratio was estimated in the region of 110 to 120 mg per kcal digestible energy respectively for fry and fingerling. Thus, it is concluded that spatial and temporal changes in the utilization of food resources by small fish were related to physiographic differences of the channel and the surroundings, which contributed to the significance of seasonal changes in the diet, also reflecting the low dietary overlap between species. Ethiopian Journal of Science. The high reproduction rate obtained in the hypersaline zone of the Saloum estuary in the wild suggests an adoption of a reproductive strategy consisting of a short migration of the spawners towards the oligohaline zones to ensure a successful reproduction. The males tend o grow larger due to a high efficiency of converting food to energy. The results indicated that Nile tilapia is omnivorous, insects, detritus and zooplankton were the most im, bodies except in Lake Koka. habit with increase in size. Generally, the feeding biology of fish is depending on prey availability, season, habitat differences and size of the fish, as. 6. For example, Shiau and Su (2003) reported that ferric citrate is only half as effective compared to ferrous sulphate in meeting the iron requirement of tilapia. Results showed that plant tissue was more frequent in guts of C. zillii, and sand particles and green algae were more frequent in guts of O. niloticus, while diatoms and sand particles were more frequent in S. galilaeus. best fit to the regressions of log transformed Weight 2.76 log TL L. intermedius fish size were also investigated. Moreover, food of plant and animal origins dominated in large-sized O. niloticus except for hydrophytes that dominated in medium-size samples only. Test diets used in both experiments contained 414 kcal gross energy, 28 g protein, and 5 g lipid per 100 g diet. season, habitat differences and size of the fish, aspects that might warrant further study in view of The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the feeding habits and trophic levels of these economically important species in Lake Nasser. Males of Nile tilapia were distributed among eight net cages (6 m3), and fed for 105 days with two diets: control (CON), without Schizochytrium sp., and supplemented (SUP), with 1.2% Schizochytrium sp. in the diet. (2014) found no negative effect of high concentration of dietary Al (1792 mg kg-1 diet) and iron (3059 mg kg-1 diet) on growth and body composition of Nile tilapia in diet containing 38% algae; again, these levels were higher than in all our diets. The Fulton condition factor ... O. niloticus is described as a herbivorous fish with an omnivorous tendency in the juvenile or young stage. the contributions of zooplankton, fish scales and ostracods are relatively low in the diet. The fish showed different ontogenetic shift in Journal of Fish Biol, responses to spatial and temporal variations. The small sized fish fed mainly on insects, fish prey and zooplankton. Feeding Nile tilapia fingerlings a diet containing up to 35% palm kernel meal for 120 days had no adverse effects on growth [14]. Fish were exposed to three different salinities conditions: freshwater (0 psu), seawater (35 psu) and hypersaline water (70 psu) while other environmental factors and feeding conditions were held constant. Moreover, the growth rate and productivity of fish in the 80% feeding ration treatment were comparable to those in the control group (p > 0.05). Rotifers, cladoceranes, ostracods, copepods, molluscanes and animal derivatives were comprised the food of animal origin. The stomach contents of Clarias gariepinus consisted of animal and plant materials, planktons, (zooplanktons and phytoplankton) and others. Hu et al. stomachs examined and constituting 45.2%, 29.4% and 16.8% of the total volume, respectively. Feed conversion ratio and feed cost were lower at the lower feeding rates. These results suggest that under hypersaline conditions, the reduced oocyte density compared to that of water can prevent fertilization and reduce the reproduction rate. Like vitamins, the amount of minerals to be added in the diet will also depend on the source of the element. different Ethiopian water bodies as it increases in size, except in Lake Tana, where no visible ontogenetic dietary shift was reported. For instance, zooplankton (37.5%), insect (35%) and, nematodes (13.5%) were the most frequently, items by <11.5 cm TL in Lake Chamo (Teferi, highly consumed food preys in Lake Koka by fish wit, omnivorous, but mainly feed on zooplankton and insect larvae, fish need high protein intake to support high growt, For the larger fish groups (>15 TL), however, the plant origin, the highly preferred food types. For this test, a total of 300,000 fingerlings of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with a mean weight of 2.2 g were distributed in 6 raceways (each of 16.9 m3) with high water exchange (150 times a day) containing 50,000 fish per experimental unit (2 treatments and 3 … It can be confirmed that the hybrid red tilapia fry can used as a new tolerance species for the environmental changes condition in Qaroun Lake. The natural food of O. niloticus in Abu-Zabal lake, Egypt was studied from the gut contents of fish measuring 10-23 cm total length. For example, when Nile tilapia reared in fertilized ponds were fed with diets either containing complete mineral mixes or one deficient in Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Mn or I and it was found that only the addition of phosphorous significantly affected weight gain, food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (Stickney, 1997). This showed that they are shifting from omnivorous feeding habit to herbivorous feeding tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in different water bodies of Ethiopia have Nile tilapia is omnivorous, where phytoplankton, macrophytes, insects, detritus and zooplankton were the most important food items. 8. Each of the ingredients was processed in an attempt to remove the most significant antinutritional factor. The results indicated that Nile tilapia is omnivorous, where phytoplankton, macrophytes, insects, detritus and zooplankton were the most important food items. Relative abundance, feeding habits, length species from Gilgel Gibe reservoir, Ethiopia, were investigated. In the wet season detritus (40.8%), macrophytes (37.8%), phytoplankton (12.5%) and insects (6.5%) contributed the bulk of the food categories consumed. Phosphorus and calcium requirements are interdependent. At the end of feeding trial, survival in all groups was above 90% and was not significantly dierent among groups. information. Feeding The Nile tilapia is generally a herbivore, however with omnivorous tendencies, particularly when younger. Protein requirements for optimum growth are dependent on dietary protein quality/source, fish size or age and the energy contents of the diets and have been reported to vary from as high as 45-50 percent for first feeding larvae, 35-40 percent for fry and fingerlings (0.02-10 g), 30-35 percent for juveniles (10.0-25.0 g) to 28-30 percent for on-growing (>25.0 g) ( Table 2). Reproductive biology and feeding habits of commercially important fish species in Ethiopian rift valley lakes. However in hypersaline condition, opposite results are obtained depending on the environment. Length at first fish maturity of male and female fish obtained during this study was 17.7 cm TL and 18.0 cm TL respectively. The feeding biology of fish is depending on prey availability, season, habitat differences and size of the fish, ... Tilapia compiled 6.40% condition coefficient value which was attributed to its feeding habit that was comprised mainly of plant material, phytoplankton and benthic algae, and this was confirmed in the results of the gut content analysis of having traces of phytoplankton and several semi-digested plant materials in its gut. It has also been demonstrated that larger hybrid tilapia (O. niloticus x O. aureus) utilized carbohydrates better than smaller sized fish. Nile tilapias were fed with HFD (13 %), HFD + mildronate (HFD + MD, inhibitor of carnitine synthesis, 1000 mg/kg body per day) or a normal fat diet (NFD, 7 %) for eight weeks. Size based difference is also supported by one-way analyses of similarities (ANOSIMs) and the difference is mainly due to the differences in the importance of green algae (Cosmarium) and blue greens (Microcystis). 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