persian henna ceremony

In Šahdād the average produce of dried henna leaves was 4-6 metric tons per ha, but has now decreased to about 1,600-1,800 kg, a 40 percent diminution during the previous decade. At this moment a girl dressed in traditional Afghan clothes would come through the door with a silver tray with candles and an assortment of fresh flowers with little containers of henna dancing and twirling all the way to the bride and groom. . Geographical distribution. . Information on henna, particularly in connection with matrimonial ceremonies in the Qajar period, is more considerable. , 110 vols., Beirut, 1983. Back from the public bathhouse, “they stain her hands and feet, at the same time painting her eyebrows and forehead with antimony powder called Surma.” After this ceremony the rest of the herb (sic) is sent to the groom. Then the groom’s father helps him dress with the presents sent by the other party, and, taking his son’s right hand, smears his palm and little finger with that henna paste, and covers them with pieces of cloth. . Usually dry henna brought by the bridegroom's family is broken into pieces in a silver or copper vessel by a woman whose parents are alive, and still together . 1: Esfahan, ed. writes that hennaing one’s “hands, and especially nails . Dioscorides, 1.124, pp. Ḥanā is not to be confused in Persia with the ornamental gol-e ḥanā “henna flower” (i.e., garden balsam, Impatiens balsamina L.), the leaves or flowers of which were/are used in China to dye red the fingernails and, occasionally, the manes and tails of horses (see Balfour, II, s.v. . . ḥennāʾ), a russet or orange dye obtained from the pulverized leaves of the henna plant, Lawsonia alba Lam. 242-43), and by an Italian eyewitness, Lady Carla Serena (tr., p. 154), who was in Persia in 1877-78. destined to be conveyed later to the groom’s home. . Hana Bandan, among Persian customs and traditions, is somehow like a bachelorette party which is held in the bride’s parents’ house. On the eve of the ʿId-e Feṭr (Feast of fast-breaking), they would apply the blessed henna to the hair of the girl involved, believing and hoping that the latter’s baḵt would be “untied” until the next ʿId (Katirāʾi, p. 120). According to two female informants from the mainly Turkish–speaking province of Zanjān, during the hennaing ceremony of the bride, attended by the close relatives of both parties and the girl’s friends (especially those who are dam-e baḵt “nubile”), the girl wears an elegant dress (but not the usual white wedding dress) and a hint of make-up. 6,000 and 350 tomans of taxes paid respectively by each butcher and greengrocer); “on the night before the wedding, ten women from the groom’s family take to the bride’s private quarters (andarun, q.v.) . In Ahvāz, a nubile girl would make some henna paste that she would place in three vases, take these to a saqqā-ḵāna (public water fountain, usually considered sanctified), and implant a candle in each henna vase while uttering the formula (ṣalawāt) for invoking God’s blessing on the Prophet Moḥammad and his descendants. Once the man, or his family, had decided on a potential bride, the Khastegāri process would take place. ḡ. Samiʿi, Az Ḵorāsān tā Baḵtiāri, 2 vols., Tehran, 1999. Khastegāri (Persian: خواستگاری‎) is the first step of the traditional Iranian courtship process. 275-76). 64, 1985, pp. The henna ceremony is usually held by the bride's family the day before the wedding and henna paste is applied on the bride's hands and sometimes the groom's hands and feet as the family gets ready to send their daughter off to start a new chapter in her life. According to another foreign eyewitness of the late 19th century, Isabella Bishop, quoted by Massé (tr., p. 77), hennaing “gives the hair a beautiful chestnut tone,” and then, by applying the indigo paste, “the hair is dark green at first, and turns blue-black after twenty-four hours.”. Jan 18, 2019 - Explore Asoo Albayati's board "صواني مهر" on Pinterest. 122 carpenters, 50 confectioners, 50 goldsmiths, and 26 tailors), each of them paying 60 tomans a year as tax (cf. 183-89). Jun 9, 2020 - Explore zeze's board "Afghan wedding/engagement stuff", followed by 124 people on Pinterest. Adam Olearius, Moskowitsche und persische Reise, ed. . ], according to whom hennaing is done “especially in winter . The earliest reference in our sources to henna as an export (or commercially remarkable) is in the study by Moḥammad-ʿAli Jamālzāda (p. 36), but he does not mention either its amount or destination. . Graz, 1967-68. Moḥammad ʿĀṣemi, Tehran, 1976. report). . This page was last edited on 19 November 2020, at 09:25. Here on World Wide Wed, we follow the Persian and Irish couple that is Rambod and Kelly. , 3 vols., London etc., 1890-93. . meṅhdī). Henri Massé, Croyances et coutumes persanes, tr. Pietro Della Valle (d. 1652) reports a curious episode during his trek to Māzandarān in 1618. Guests & Festivities. Saʿidiān, Ādamhā o āyinhā dar Irān, Tehran, 1983. Instead of doing it the night before, the mehndi is added days before as, according to superstition, the darker the color of the henna, the more love will develop between the two. On the fourth day, late in the evening, on a simple wooden bed brought into that room the groom is made to lie down, and, while the local musical instruments are being played, his hands and feet are hennaed by male attendants (Saʿidiān, p. 983). 182-188. meṅhdī; Hooper, pp. Fāṭema ʿAlāʾi Yazdi, “Ḥanā o ṣāderāt,” Sonbola, no. Ernst Höltzer, Persien vor 113 Jahren (Text und Bilder), pt. . In some Gilān villages the bride was to keep on her head a piece of flat bread with one hand; on the palm of the other were placed a few pieces of henna paste; then a small boy was charged with taking those pieces off her hand (Faḵrāʾi, p. 279; for the intention behind the small boy’s role, see below in connection with ceremonies in Zanjān). . At the end, they also put Hanna on the groom and bride’s hands. Henna paste is spread on one of the platters. See more ideas about afghan wedding, wedding, wedding engagement. adornment, as because it prevents chapped skin”; quoted by Massé, p. 781). During their 2016 ceremony, her non-Persian in-laws were “totally out of their element but they really did enjoy themselves,” she said. Saʿid Nafisi, Moḥit-e zendagi o aḥwāl o ašʿār-e Rudaki, 2nd ed., Tehran, 1957. 32-33. The relatives of the bride and the groom bring them presents. (= L. inermis/spinosa L.; fam. As for Persia, a few allusions by old foreign travelers to hennaing, particularly a bride’s hands and feet, are found in our sources. ʿAli Zargari, Giāhān-e dāruʾi V, 4th ed., Tehran, 1991. The couple's new status as "a family" is celebrated this way. To hold a wedding ceremony in Qeshm is the most beautiful and exciting thing in a person's life. A religious man reads some sects of holy Quran and asks the bride “Do you agree?” and after three times asking, the bride says yes. The henna was left to 'ferment' overnight (because of this custom, henna was seen as being in … ; Aminizāda, p. 31). 30-33, 78. report). , tr. Already Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, in his description of Yazd in 1654, related (I, p. 171) that “they [Yazd natives] make a lot of rose water, and of another kind of water [sic], extracted from . Moses Maimonides (Ebn Maymun), Šarḥ asmāʾ al-ʿoqqār (L’explication des noms de drogues) . Once both parties had established serious intentions for the relationship, the man's family would bring sweets and a larger bouquet and officially pop the question. The carriers enter the courtyard while deftly dancing to the music with the platters on their heads (in this connection, see also some reports from Persia below). Saʿdi, Ḡazaliyāt, ed. Moḥammad-Ḥosayn ʿAqili Ḵorāsāni, Qarābādin-e kabir [wa Maḵzan al-adwia], Calcutta, 1844 Fāʾeza Bahāʾ-al-dini et al., “Saršu-ye giāhi . In Qāyen a close female relative of the suitor (ḵvāstgār), sent incognito to the intended girl’s home to sound out the girl’s family about an eventual marriage (ḵvāstgāri), signifies the purpose of her unexpected visit to the girl’s mother by telling her “I am bringing henna for you” (p. 171). 32-33), the largest amount of henna comes from the Jiroft area, because at some places henna branches and leaves are harvested three to four times a year. Aspects of the Aroosi (a traditional Persian wedding) vary from region to region and have different traditions. The henna was kneaded in a large bowl (tashta) with tea or water, and sumac, which they called ḥamirit ḥinna, 'the fermenting [agent] for the henna'. , add soap and arsenic, boil this concoction in spring water, and rub it on the hair . Pagoshā (Persian: پاگشا‎), (literally open leg) is a gesture of acceptance and open arms. These sugar cones are softly ground together above the bride and bridegroom's heads by a happily married female relative (and/or maid of honor) throughout the ceremony to shower them in sweetness. Hanna Bandan is the ceremony which is held on the last night before the bride goes to her own house. Some of the groom’s female relatives go to the fiancée’s home with a basin of henna paste, cakes of soap, some money, and sweets, and then accompany her to a bathhouse reserved for this occasion. On the “henna night” (pp. However, some modern authors have reported the survival of variations of some old customs until recent times among the villagers, tribesmen, etc. Parviz Varjāvand, “Ḥanā,” in Dāyerat-al-maʿāref-e tašayyoʿ VI, Tehran, 1997, pp. Polatschek and Rechinger (p. 2) doubt its being “indigenous to southern Persia and Baluchistan,” though it is cultivated in some southern regions of Persia, namely Baluchistan, Hormozgān, and Kermān (Šahdād, Bam, Narmāšir, Bahrāmābād, Jiroft; see Zargari, II, p. 358; Varjāvand, p. 536; Mozaffarian, no. According to Bahāʾ-al-dini et al. Jean Chardin (III, pp. The majority of the night is spent dancing and socializing. The sugar drops in the held fabric, not on their heads. The first ceremony is called “Aghd” in which the couple become man and wife. . Ḥabib Yagmāʾi, Tehran, 1982. In front of her, on decorated wooden platters (ṭabaq; two or more) are arranged the presents (turban, garment, etc.) The lady had to rest her feet motionlessly for quite a long time on the so-called sang-e ḥanā (bandān), “henna(ing)-stone,” a special block of stone, often of white marble, on which were carved two footprints for placing the soles on, and appropriate verses, such as this distich: Rang-e ḥanā’st bar kaf-e pā-ye mobārak-at / Yā ḵun-e ʿāšeq ast ke pāmāl kardaʾi “Is this henna stain on thy blessed foot sole, or is it a lover’s blood which thou hast trodden?” Women from upper classes had their private “henna(ing) stones” (for a photo of an 18th-century elaborate marble “henna stone” see d’Allemagne, tr., II, p. 171; cf. ḥanā,Ar. The following pieces of information, sometimes contradictory, have been culled from occasional reports or periodical articles. Henna that has earlier kneaded with water is brought in on a tray surrounded by candles and placed in the middle of the room. Submitted tags will be reviewed by site administrator before it is posted online.If you enter several tags, separate with commas. ], in Deraḵšān, p. 32); Negārinā ba šamšir-at če ḥājat / Marā ḵod mikošad dast-e negārin “O sweetheart, thou needst not a sword [to kill me], [for] thy negārin hand itself killeth me” (Saʿdi [13th cent. indicates that in the agricultural year 1984-85 about 2,400 ha were under henna plant cultivation in the whole province of Kermān (p. 35). All the while, some attending women play their drums and tambourine while singing a specific song, having a refrain with variations, e.g. Hennaing being a sign of merriment and happiness, in Zanjān (and probably elsewhere), in cases of imminent death of a close relative or friend, his/her relatives abstain from it and continue to do so for a certain period of time as a sign of mourning (the closer and dearer the dead, the longer the period of abstention). When she sits down, the groom-to-be places a ring on her finger in a formal act of engagement. John T. Platts, A Dictionary of Urdū, Classical Hindī and English, repr. Although this tradition might be practised in small towns and villages, in cities such as Tehran, an alternative means of transportation is used to deliver the gifts to the bride. 134-35) mentions its usefulness “as an external application for skin disease, blind boils, and leprosy.” Ḡiāṯ-al-Din Jazā-yeri (p. 37) recommends it for various scalp affections (e.g., dandruff). Iraqi Jews held a henna ceremony, which they termed leilat al-ḥinni, 'the night of the henna', the evening If the woman so wishes, henna can also be placed on her feet and hair. However, the ceremony remains tied to ancient roots and is virtually the same from generation to generation. . . .” because this Oriental custom of women’s gathering and hennaing while chatting “is a sign of festivity and merriment.” He adds that hennaing both hands up to wrists and sometimes drawing henna designs on them (see negār above) are believed to beautify the hands, to enhance the whiteness of forearms and arms, and at the same time to protect hands from accidental injuries; when washed the next day, the hands are stained light orange, but if the henna paste is too thick, the result will be an unsightly dark red. Men from the groom's family dressed up in festive costumes carry the presents on elaborately decorated large flat containers carried on their heads. Hannah, also produced by the plant is used for the daily purpose such as Hana putting, temporary tattoos on the body and dropping the design, and used henna ceremony. Ebrāhim Šakurzāda has reported further uses in Khorasan: for instance, applying henna with aged oil to the skin affected by leprosy (p. 232); smearing feet soles with suet and then with henna paste to heal the cracks in the heels (p. 241); introducing a little henna powder into the fundament of small children affected by pinworms (pp. Then the groom’s sister or a relative, who must be “matrimonially happy,” taking a bit of the henna paste with her little finger, places it on the girl’s upturned palm along with some money, which a little boy from the groom’s family has to snatch, which is believed to render the bride pesarzā (boy-begetting). Then the groom’s other relatives place on her palm some money, which the other children and even adults rush to grab. Ebrāhim Faḵrāʾi, Gilān dar goḏargāh-e zamān, Tehran, 1975. In 1874 Johann Schlimmer (pp. Ria Hackin and Ahmad Ali Kohzad, Légendes et coutumes afghanes, Paris, 1953. 314-15; IV, p. 13) notes that both men and women usually henna their hands, feet and, sometimes, their face to avoid sunburn and to protect them from the eventual injuries caused by very cold weather or water (e.g., cracks in the skin; for the latter purpose, henna is rubbed also on horses’ legs). It was customary, especially in winter, to henna the legs as well as the whole length of the horses’ bodies up to the chest and, sometimes, the heads. ʿA. It is a ceremony held in the house of newly married couple's relatives, during which Runamā (Persian: رونما ‎) which is the name of the gift is usually given to the bride and groom by the relatives. Edward Balfour, The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia . Manṣur Amin-izāda, “Zerāʿat-e ḥanā,” Kermān, 2002 (unpubl. ʿAbbās Eqbāl, Tehran, 1946. Henna night “Hanna bandoon” will be taken place before the wedding day and henna is applied to the bride’s hand. The henna paste must remain there overnight and is washed away the next morning. Two sugar cones made out of hardened sugar are used during the ceremony. William Dymock et al., Pharmacographia Indica . make pale a five-digitated coral (panja-ye marjān)” (Rokn Jāmi [? Bess Allen Donaldson, The Wild Rue, New York, 1973, pp. (p. 35), in 1978, 18,000 kg of henna and sedr (powdered leaves of Christ’s-thorn, Ziziphus spina-Christi Willd., used as a hair shampoo), valued at 870,000 rials, but in 1985, only 5,040 kg of second-grade henna, valued at 857,000 rials, were exported to England. 45, Graz, 1968. During the festive evening, the mud-like henna dye is generously applied by the bride’s mother or grandmother, in a circular shape, first on the palms of … , not so much for . The relevant information quoted by Henri Massé (pp. John Goodyer, ed. Mah-e Asal (Persian: ماه عسل‎) is a vacation spent together by a newly married couple. At this stage, both man and woman are happy with each other and traditionally, both their families have agreed to the union and any conditions concerning the marriage. 76-77) has a quite different report: “The Persians . . . In order to get rid of a co-wife, if she had long hair, orpiment was secretly added to her rang o ḥanā (Katirāʾi, p. 265). Yazd stone mills produce 7-10 thousand tons of henna powder, of which about 3,000 tons were exported legally, about 2,000 tons were smuggled out “through Kurdistan until recently,” and the rest was for domestic use. Allusions to ḵeżāb, particularly to “negārin” hands (i.e., adorned with henna designs), are also found in classical Persian poetry, such as: Čun dom-e qāqom karda sar-angošt siāh “She has blackened her finger tips like an ermine’s tail tip” (Kesāʾi Marvazi [10th cent. Kāšun) ba dast o pā mebenda” (free tr. . . dye their head hair and eyebrows [the latter with sorma], and artfully color with henna their beautiful bodies with odd designs, most often representing trees, birds and other animals, the sun, the moon, or stars. by J. Thonnelier as Kitabi Kulsum Naneh ou le livre des dames de la Perse . XII, Fasc. essentially of brides, and some [of the bridal henna paste] is distributed to the guests at the marriage feast.” William Francklin (pp. Henna is still used occasionally for embellishing horses’ legs and sometimes their manes. From the first of the month of Ramażān, they would once a day recite the koranic phrase “Tabāraka Allāh aḥsan al-ḵāleqin,” (Praised be Allāh, the best of creators; Koran 23:14), blowing it over a handful of henna. . HENNA (Pers. Other henna darkening agents were/are the juice of walnut leaves, camomile, coffee powder, etc. This ceremony (lit., “feast/ceremony of henna application”), of hennaing the palms, fingernails, and soles of both the bride and the groom before the wedding night, seems to be an old custom but of unknown origin and symbolic significance. The Nāmzadi ceremony (Persian: مراسم نامزدی‎) takes place at the bride's family home. He explains, however, that the best henna, that of Ḵabiṣ (present-day Šahdād), comes in two varieties. gangrene?”; hennaing one’s head is a cure for headache; “hennaing oneself clears (yajli) the eyesight”; “henna eliminates sahak (body stink); “hennaing oneself after using nura [a depilatory paste composed of quicklime and orpiment] is a protection against leprosy”; hennaing and using meswāk (a stick of the fragrant wood of SalvadoraPersica Gaertn. According to him (1.124), the leaves of henna have a binding power [because of their tannin content]; therefore chewing them is good for mouth ulcers, a cataplasm thereof cures “other [cutaneous] hot inflammations and carbuncles,” and their decoction heals [superficial] burns. . Of course, merrymaking (eating, singing, playing music) is a necessary adjunct of these hennaing sessions (Höltzer, p. 53, evidently reporting on a wealthy family). Then her mother applies that henna paste on her palms and feet, and envelops these in pieces of cloth. , London, 1695; tr. . The two families rejoice and share specially prepared foods, tea and sharbat (sherbet). The main reason for this overall diminution of henna production in the Kermān area seems to be the relatively very high cost of henna farming (about 2,162,000 rials per ha), which discourages most farmers (unsupported by the government subsidies or help) from taking proper care of their plantations and drives them to engage in the much easier, much less complicated, and more profitable “truck farming” (vegetables, melons, etc. 42-43). Henry-René d’Allemagne, Du Khorassan au pays des Bakhtiaris, 4 vols., Paris, 1911; tr. Considerable attention is paid to charging a woman with a happy marriage to knead and distribute the henna and apply it to the girl's hand. . 242-43); applying goat suet, a little henna, and “scorpion oil” (rowḡan-e ʿaqrab) to knife cuts hastens their healing (p. 253; for the preparation of this oil see Tonokāboni, p. 604; for the medical uses in 19th-century India of henna, which was “much esteemed by the Mahometans,” see Dymock et al., pp. ], p. 126; see also pp. . safid-baḵt, lit., “white-fortuned”), that is, married only once (yak-baḵta), having no co-wife, and happy in her marital life. Most of the uses, mainly external, attributed to henna in traditional (Galenic) medicine in the Islamic period (see, e.g., Ebn al-Bayṭār, s.v., tr. It generally takes place at the girl’s home and among women, although either side can choose to host it. Moḥammad-ʿAli Jamāl-zāda, Ganj-e šāyagān: awżāʿ-e eqteṣādi-e Irān dar ebtedā-ye qarn-e bistom, Berlin, 1916; 2nd ed., Tehran, 1983. ḡiāṯ-al-Din Jazāyeri, Darmān-e giāhi, Tehran, n.d. Āqā Jamāl Ḵvānsāri, ʿAqāyed al-nesāʾ mašhur ba Kolṯum Nana (with Merʾāt al-bolahāʾ by Moḥammad-Kāẓem Šariʿat-madār Tabrizi), ed. 469-71 and ʿAqili Ḵorāsāni, p. 184) can essentially be traced back to Dioscorides. 134-35). 149, p. 73), and is cultivated throughout the Indian subcontinent (Platts, s.v. 209, 443, 613 and 626 for negārin hands, and p. 326 for ne-gārin feet); “when hennaed, thy crystalline fingertip[s] . small hazelnut; cf. . 89-90, 97, 99, 127, 135, CIII, p. 218). In local industry, to obtain a fast black dye, “the fibers are first dyed in henna, then in an extract of one of the [two] indigo varieties . “Yār-om/ʿArus ḥanā mebenda, ʿāšeq-nemā mebenda / ḥanā-ye aṣl-e Kermun (var. grown near Bam . and tr. There is a very elaborate floor spread set up for Aghd, including several kinds of food and decorations, this is called Sofreh Aghd (Persian: سفره عقد‎). which they chop up . in 3 pts., Tehran, 1966-95. Azeri wedding), Iranian wedding traditions are observed by the majority of ethnic groups in Iran. , London, 1790; repr. "What sets Persian weddings apart is their tradition-infused ceremony. Dinner of Acceptance. 65-66, according to whom, “the best henna (kupros) grows in Ascalon and Canopus.”. To begin the hennaing process, the girl is made to turn up the hollow of her right hand and place it on her head. In recent years cities of Turkish Riviera such as Antalya and Alanya have been attracting more Iranian newlyweds because of no visa requirement between Iran and Turkey. (Optional) Enter email address if you would like feedback about your tag. Greek Persian Connections » ... Henna Ceremony. This ceremony is also called Tabagh Bārān. , Paris, 1881. 536-37. the similes fandoq and fandoq-band for hennaed fingertips, and fandoq bastan “to attach a hazelnut,” fandoqi kardan “to make the [fingertip look] like a hazelnut,” mentioned by Moḥammad Pādšāh, p. 3180). Drink than a sit-down dinner in Shiraz during the ceremony, known as Nāmzadi... Decision and have different traditions puts down the platter before the bride ’ home... Essentially be traced back to Dioscorides Ṣafizāda, p. 101 ) taken place before wedding. Gilan are very popular honeymoon destinations on Fridays, in honour of the 14th cent spent together by a and/or. '' is celebrated this way soapwort juice dyes the hair, Persian weddings apart their... 'S family dressed up in festive costumes carry the presents on elaborately decorated large flat containers carried their! Be traced back to Dioscorides held the persian henna ceremony before the wedding day and henna is from a in... 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